Volatile compositions and glandular trichomes of Zataria multiflora in different phenological stages under normal and drought stress conditions.

Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is extensively used in Iranian traditional medicine, mostly as a replacement for Thyme species.

The biochemical and growth-associated traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by silver nanoparticles and silver.

Background: The biochemical and growth changes resulting from exposure of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seedlings to silver nanoparticles and silver were investigated. Over a two-week period, seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 40, and 80 ppm) of silver nanoparticles and silver.

Light emitting diodes improved the metabolism of rosmarinic acid and amino acids at the transcriptional level in two genotypes of L.

In the present study, we used different LEDs to evaluate their effect on metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of two genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) of lemon balm grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Lemon balm plants were grown in four incubators equipped with artificial lighting and subjected to four LED lamps [White, Blue, Red, and mixed RB (Red+Blue) (70%:30%)] and in greenhouse conditions for 7weeks. The results showed significant increases in leaf number, pigment and soluble sugar contents, secondary metabolites, and calcium, magnesium, potassium and amino acid contents achieved in growth under mixed RB LEDs.

LED light sources improved the essential oil components and antioxidant activity of two genotypes of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.).

Background: Nowadays, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a new lighting technology, have been emerged as an alternative source of light for plants due to their wavelength specificity, the narrow width of their bands, small size, solid structure, long lifetime, and low heat generation. Here we investigated the effect of different LED light sources on the essential oil components and antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis. Two genotypes of lemon balm (Ilam and Isfahan) were subjected to four artificial light treatments, including white, red, blue, red + blue LEDs, and greenhouse light as natural lighting.

LED light mediates phenolic accumulation and enhances antioxidant activity in Melissa officinalis L. under drought stress condition.

The popularity of lemon balm in conventional medicine is suggested by the existence of two groups of compounds, namely essential oil and phenylpropanoids pathway derivatives. One of the promising approaches to improve tolerance to drought stress induced oxidative damage in seedlings grown in greenhouses and plant growth chambers is replacing the traditional and high-cost light technologies by recently developed light emitting diodes (LED). In this experiment, we analyzed the role of various LED lights including red (R), blue (B), red (70%) + blue (30%) (RB), and white (W) as well as normal greenhouse light (as control) to stimulate defense mechanisms against drought stress in two genotypes of Melissa officinalis L.

Development of the Farsi Hearing in Noise Test.

Develop sentences in Farsi for use in the Hearing In Noise Test (HINT); equalise the difficulty of the sentences; form twelve 20-sentence lists; and determine the reliability and norms for these materials. The same study design as used in the development of HINT in other languages was followed. Sentences were sampled from elementary school reading materials.

Improvement in drought tolerance of lemon balm, Melissa officinalis L. under the pre-treatment of LED lighting.

Stress priming (pre-exposure of plants to various types of moderate stresses) could affect plant responses to subsequent severe stresses. Drought stress is one of the major threats to plants which reduces the global agricultural productions. Here we demonstrated that light emitting diodes (LEDs)-driven tolerant to drought stress in lemon balm plantlets was highly correlated with priming with these lighting sources.

Maternal Perception of Self-Efficacy and Involvement in Young Children with Prelingual Hearing Loss.

Appropriate intervention needs to support families and consider them as a part of rehabilitation program. Parents who have high self-efficacy are more likely to put their knowledge and skills into action and have positive interactions with their children. In addition, there has been a positive relation between parental involvement and child educational success.

Binaural sensitivity to temporal fine structure and lateralization ability in children with suspected (central) auditory processing disorder.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that a subgroup of children with suspected (central) auditory processing disorder (SusCAPD) have insufficient ability to use binaural cues to benefit from spatial processing. Thus, they experience considerable listening difficulties in challenging auditory environments, such as classrooms. Some researchers have also indicated the probable role of binaural temporal fine structure (TFS) in the perceptual segregation of target signal from noise and hence in speech perception in noise.

Enhancing Working Memory Capacity in Persian Cochlear Implanted Children: A Clinical Trial Study.

Introduction: Sensory deprivations such as hearing impairment that affect sensory input have a secondary impact on cognitive functions such as working memory (WM). WM capacity is an important cognitive component that processes language-related activities. Moreover, several studies have shown a deficit in WM in children with a cochlear implant (CI).

Social Representation of "Loud Music" in Young Adults: A Cross-Cultural Study.

Background: Exposure to recreational noise, particularly music exposure, is considered one of the biggest public health hazards of our time. Some important influencing factors such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and cross-cultural perspectives have previously been found to be associated with attitudes toward loud music and the use of hearing protection. Although culture seems to play an important role, there is relatively little known about how it influences perceptions regarding loud music exposure in young adults.

Story retelling skills in Persian speaking hearing-impaired children.

Objectives: Since the pragmatic skills of hearing-impaired Persian-speaking children have not yet been investigated particularly through story retelling, this study aimed to evaluate some pragmatic abilities of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children using a story retelling test.

Methods: 15 normal-hearing and 15 profound hearing-impaired 7-year-old children were evaluated using the story retelling test with the content validity of 89%, construct validity of 85%, and reliability of 83%. Three macro structure criteria including topic maintenance, event sequencing, explicitness, and four macro structure criteria including referencing, conjunctive cohesion, syntax complexity, and utterance length were assessed.

Social representation of "music" in young adults: a cross-cultural study.

Objective: This study was aimed to explore perceptions of and reactions to music in young adults (18-25 years) using the theory of social representations (TSR).

Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design and included participants from India, Iran, Portugal, USA and UK. Data were analysed using various qualitative and quantitative methods.

Auditory Brainstem Response Improvements in Hyperbillirubinemic Infants.

Background And Objectives: Hyperbillirubinemia in infants have been associated with neuronal damage including in the auditory system. Some researchers have suggested that the bilirubin-induced auditory neuronal damages may be temporary and reversible. This study was aimed at investigating the auditory neuropathy and reversibility of auditory abnormalities in hyperbillirubinemic infants.

Social representation of "hearing loss": cross-cultural exploratory study in India, Iran, Portugal, and the UK.

Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic conditions in older adults. In audiology literature, several studies have examined the attitudes and behavior of people with hearing loss; however, not much is known about the manner in which society in general views and perceives hearing loss. This exploratory study was aimed at understanding the social representation of hearing loss (among the general public) in the countries of India, Iran, Portugal, and the UK.

Social representation of hearing aids: cross-cultural study in India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.

Background: The current study was aimed at understanding the social representation of hearing aids in India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. We also compared these results to explore the cross-cultural differences and similarities among these countries.

Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional design, and the data were collected from four different countries using the snowball sampling method.

Audiologists' preferences for patient-centredness: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of cross-cultural differences and similarities among professionals in Portugal, India and Iran.

Objective: Patient-centredness has become an important aspect of health service delivery; however, there are a limited number of studies that focus on this concept in the domain of hearing healthcare. The objective of this study was to examine and compare audiologists' preferences for patient-centredness in Portugal, India and Iran.

Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design with audiologists recruited from three different countries.