A Single-Institution Experience in the Use of Chest Radiographs for Hospitalized Children Labeled as Asthma Exacerbation.

Risks of diagnostic radiation have become more notable lately, particularly in young children with chronic medical conditions. This study reports on the cumulative radiation from chest radiographs in children with asthma. Its main purpose was to review our current practice and suggest minimizing the use of chest radiographs.

Case Report: BCG-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant With X-Linked Recessive Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease Due to a Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

In the United Arab Emirates, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is administered to all newborns. We present here a young infant with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) who developed fatal adverse events to this live-attenuated vaccine. This male infant received BCG (Serum Institute of India Pvt.

Genetic variants of small airways and interstitial pulmonary disease in children.

Genetic variants of small airways and interstitial pulmonary disease have not been comprehensively studied. This cluster of respiratory disorders usually manifests from early infancy ('lung disease in utero'). In this study, 24 variants linked to these entities are described.

Subdural Empyema Caused by Neisseria meningitidis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Subdural empyema complicating meningococcal meningitis is rare. We describe a case and 14 previously reported cases; all had persistent fever and 12 had seizures. Initial cerebrospinal fluid showed raised protein with low glucose values.

Anterior spinal artery syndrome in a girl with Down syndrome: case report and literature review.

Background/objective: Anterior spinal artery syndrome is an extremely rare cause of acute ischemic cord infarction in children. It is caused by hypoperfusion of the anterior spinal artery, leading to ischemia in the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord. The presentation is usually with an acute and painful myelopathy with impaired bladder and bowel control.

Oesophageal anomaly in a newborn after maternal exposure to mycofenolate mofetil.

Pregnancy in women with lupus nephritis is associated with increased risk of fetal and maternal complications. The risk of poor outcome is higher if there are signs of disease activity at conception. The presence of hypertension and anti-phospholipid antibodies worsens the prognosis.

Chiari I malformation without hydrocephalus: acute intracranial hypertension managed with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).

Introduction: In a small subset of patients, a Chiari malformation can present with signs of raised intracranial pressure due to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow or with the raised intracranial pressure as the primary pathological driving force resulting in tonsillar herniation.

Case Report: The authors report a unique case in a 14-year-old boy with a Chiari malformation type 1-syringomyelia complex with slit-like ventricles. We have successfully managed the acute presentation of raised intracranial pressure, mimicking idiopathic intracranial hypertension, utilizing a frameless stereotactic image-navigated endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: is there a difference between the antenatally and postnatally diagnosed cases?

Background: The majority of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) lesions are diagnosed antenatally. A few cases however may not be recognised antenatally and present in infancy or later childhood with chest symptoms, including chest infection.

Objective: To review the clinical and radiological spectrum of CCAM, comparing the antenatally with the postnatally diagnosed cases.

Urinary excretion of n-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and retinol binding protein as alternative indicators of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is usually characterized by glomerular dysfunction, with microalbuminuria as an early indicator. Urinary excretion of smaller molecular weight proteins such as n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) and retinol binding protein (RBP) indicate proximal tubular dysfunction, and may identify diabetic patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. In a trial to assess renal tubular function, urinary excretion of beta-NAG (by colorimetric assay) and RBP (by ELISA) were determined in 59 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 15 +/- 3.

5- to 16-year follow-up following splenectomy in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children.

Unlabelled: The long-term outcome after splenectomy in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has not been widely analyzed. We reviewed the medical records of 288 children and adolescents with chronic ITP between 1980 and 1996: 112 were splenectomized; 59 were steroid resistant and 42 were steroid dependent, and 11 were managed with repeated courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). All had platelet counts (PCs) <30 x 10(9)/l with frequent bleeding episodes or persistent thrombocytopenia <10 x 10(9)/l.