Behavioural responses of fishes to anthropogenic disturbances: Adaptive value and ecological consequences.

Aquatic ecosystems are changing at an accelerating rate because of human activities. The changes alter the abundance and distribution of fishes, with potential consequences for ecosystem structure and function. Behavioural responses often underlie these changes in population dynamics, such as altered habitat choice or foraging activity.

Pre-fertilization exposure of sperm to nano-sized plastic particles decreases offspring size and swimming performance in the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).

Exposure of aquatic organisms to micro- and nano-sized plastic debris in their environment has become an alarming concern. Besides having a number of potentially harmful impacts for individual organisms, plastic particles can also influence the phenotype and performance of their offspring. We tested whether the sperm pre-fertilization exposure to nanoplastic particles could affect offspring survival, size, and swimming performance in the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus.

Neural network assisted inverse dynamic guidance for terminally constrained entry flight.

This paper presents a neural network assisted entry guidance law that is designed by applying Bézier approximation. It is shown that a fully constrained approximation of a reference trajectory can be made by using the Bézier curve. Applying this approximation, an inverse dynamic system for an entry flight is solved to generate guidance command.

Vildagliptin vs sulfonylurea in Indian Muslim diabetes patients fasting during Ramadan.

Aim: To compare the use of vildagliptin and sulfonylurea with or without metformin in Indian Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting during Ramadan.

Methods: This was a 4-wk, multicenter, non-interventional, open-label, observational study. Incidence of hypoglycemic events (HEs), adverse events, and changes in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose and body weight were measured pre- and post-Ramadan.