Genomic analysis of a spontaneous model of breast cancer metastasis to bone reveals a role for the extracellular matrix.

A clinically relevant model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis to multiple sites, including bone, was characterized and used to identify genes involved in metastatic progression. The metastatic potential of several genetically related tumor lines was assayed using a novel real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay of tumor burden. Based on this assay, the tumor lines were categorized as nonmetastatic (67NR), weakly metastatic to lymph node (168FARN) or lung (66cl4), or highly metastatic to lymph node, lung, and bone (4T1.

Cathepsin K knockout mice develop osteopetrosis due to a deficit in matrix degradation but not demineralization.

Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease expressed predominantly in osteoclasts. Activated cathepsin K cleaves key bone matrix proteins and is believed to play an important role in degrading the organic phase of bone during bone resorption. Mutations in the human cathepsin K gene have been demonstrated to be associated with a rare skeletal dysplasia, pycnodysostosis.

Cloning and characterization of soluble and transmembrane isoforms of a novel component of the murine type I interferon receptor, IFNAR 2.

This report describes the cloning of cDNAs encoding transmembrane and soluble isoforms of a novel chain of the murine type I interferon (IFN) receptor and characterization of its capability to bind ligand and transduce signals. The transmembrane receptor (murine IFNAR 2c) has an extracellular domain of 215 amino acids and an intracellular domain of 250 amino acids, with 48% amino acid and 71% nucleotide identity with human IFNAR 2c. The cDNA for the soluble murine receptor (IFNAR 2a) encodes a 221-amino acid polypeptide identical to the first 210 amino acids of IFNAR 2c plus a novel 11 amino acids.

Analysis of heat shock protein 70 in human chromosome 21 containing hybrids.

An Hsp70 gene, HspA3, has been given provisional assignment to chromosome 21 based on the heat induced expression of a 70 kDa protein in a Chinese hamster ovary-human hybrid cell line. This assignment has not been supported by hybridization data or by cloning of the gene. The aim of the current study is to clarify this localization.

A hitchhiker's guide to the human Hsp70 family.

The human Hsp70 family encompasses at least 11 genes which encode a group of highly related proteins. These proteins include both cognate and highly inducible members, at least some of which act as molecular chaperones. The location of cognate Hsp70s within all the major subcellular compartments is an indication of the importance of these proteins.

Localization of the gene encoding the human heat shock cognate protein, HSP73, to chromosome 11.

The heat shock cognate protein HSP73 (or HSC70) is a member of the HSP70 multigene family. This protein has several functions, including binding to nascent polypeptides to facilitate correct folding and the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids by two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a 73-kDa protein in two hybrids containing human chromosomes 5, 6, 9, and 11 in common.

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the non-structural protein, NS1, of Australian and South African bluetongue virus serotype 1.

The sequence of the sense strand of RNA segment 5 of both Australian and South African bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 1 has been determined and found to be 1771 and 1773 nucleotides in length, respectively. Both coding sequences of 1656 nucleotides were flanked by a 5' non-coding sequence of 34 nucleotides and 3' non-coding regions of 78 and 80 nucleotides, respectively. The methionine codons at residues 35-37 were assumed to initiate the synthesis of 64.