Futile care in COVID-19: how ICU nurses' resilience impacts turnover intention? A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Background: Futile care is a set of actions without creating a reasonable chance of benefiting critically ill patients. In the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to discuss futile care perception. This may cause unbearable pressure for nurses in terms of resilience and turnover intention.

Implementing Best Practices for Nurses in Detecting and Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Hospital in Tabriz, Iran: A Mixed-Method Study.

Background And Aims: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is defined as "a response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function." The aim of this research was to evaluate the current practice and implement the best practices for detecting and reporting ADR in a tertiary hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design in the current study.

The effects of e-learning using educational multimedia on the ethical decision-making and professionalism of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a great challenge for educational systems worldwide. During this time, educational centers have been encouraged to use e-learning programs to protect the population against infection. Online teaching has the greatest effect on the process of teaching-learning for certain topics, including professional behavior and commitment, which has prompted educational systems to use creative strategies for a greater effect on learners.

LaSrCaTiO Surface Reactivity with H: A Combined NEXAFS and Computational Study.

A-site doped SrTiO is considered as a promising substitute for traditional anodic metals in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, we present the reactivity of LaSrCaTiO (LCSTO), LaSrTiO (LSTO), and SrTiO (STO) toward H by ambient pressure NEXAFS spectroscopy and theoretical spectra simulation with FDMNES code. The samples were synthesized by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy), hydrothermal, and modified-Pechini routes.

Full Spectroscopic Characterization of the Molecular Oxygen-Based Methane to Methanol Conversion over Open Fe(II) Sites in a Metal-Organic Framework.

Iron-based enzymes efficiently activate molecular oxygen to perform the oxidation of methane to methanol (MTM), a reaction central to the contemporary chemical industry. Conversely, a very limited number of artificial catalysts have been devised to mimic this process. Herein, we employ the MIL-100(Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF), a material that exhibits isolated Fe sites, to accomplish the MTM conversion using O as the oxidant under mild conditions.

P K-Edge XANES Calculations of Mineral Standards: Exploring the Potential of Theoretical Methods in the Analysis of Phosphorus Speciation.

Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is a technique routinely employed in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phosphorus speciation in many scientific fields. The data analysis is, however, often performed in a qualitative manner, relying on linear combination fitting protocols or simple comparisons between the experimental data and the spectra of standards, and little quantitative structural and electronic information is thus retrieved. Herein, we report a thorough theoretical investigation of P K-edge XANES spectra of NaHPO·HO, AlPO, α-Ti(HPO)·HO, and FePO·2HO showing excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Investigating the High-Temperature Water/MgCl Interface through Ambient Pressure Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Magnesium chloride is a prototypical deliquescent material whose surface properties, although central for Ziegler-Natta cataysis, have so far remained elusive to experimental characterization. In this work, we use surface-selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at ambient pressure in combination with multivariate curve resolution, molecular dynamics, and XAS theoretical methods to track in real time and accurately describe the interaction between water vapor and the MgCl surface. By exposing MgCl to water vapor at temperatures between 595 and 391 K, we show that water is preferentially adsorbed on five-coordinated Mg sites in an octahedral configuration, confirming previous theoretical predictions, and find that MgCl is capable of retaining a significant amount of adsorbed water even under prolonged heating to 595 K.

Protecting healthcare workers against coronavirus disease 2019 in emergency departments at a teaching hospital in Tabriz, Iran: a best practice implementation project.

Introduction: The first case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran was officially announced on February 19, 2020, in Qom city. The prevalence of COVID-19 is higher among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) due to their occupational exposure.

Objective: The aim of this evidence implementation project was to improve the protection of nurses against COVID-19 in the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

Caught while Dissolving: Revealing the Interfacial Solvation of the Mg Ions on the MgO Surface.

Interfaces between water and materials are ubiquitous and are crucial in materials sciences and in biology, where investigating the interaction of water with the surface under ambient conditions is key to shedding light on the main processes occurring at the interface. Magnesium oxide is a popular model system to study the metal oxide-water interface, where, for sufficient water loadings, theoretical models have suggested that reconstructed surfaces involving hydrated Mg metal ions may be energetically favored. In this work, by combining experimental and theoretical surface-selective ambient pressure X-ray absorption spectroscopy with multivariate curve resolution and molecular dynamics, we evidence in real time the occurrence of Mg solvation at the interphase between MgO and solvating media such as water and methanol (MeOH).

Solubilization and coordination of the HgCl molecule in water, methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile: an X-ray absorption investigation.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been employed to carry out structural characterization of the local environment around mercury after the dissolution of the HgCl molecule. A combined EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) data analysis has been performed on the Hg L-edge absorption spectra recorded on 0.1 M HgCl solutions in water, methanol (MeOH), acetone and acetonitrile.

Following a Silent Metal Ion: A Combined X-ray Absorption and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study of the Zn Cation Dissipative Translocation between Two Different Ligands.

The dissipative translocation of the Zn ion between two prototypical coordination complexes has been investigated by combining X-ray absorption and H NMR spectroscopy. An integrated experimental and theoretical approach, based on state-of-the-art Multivariate Curve Resolution and DFT based theoretical analyses, is presented as a means to understand the concentration time evolution of all relevant Zn and organic species in the investigated processes, and accurately characterize the solution structures of the key metal coordination complexes. Specifically, we investigate the dissipative translocation of the Zn cation from hexaaza-18-crown-6 to two terpyridine moieties and back again to hexaaza-18-crown-6 using 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid and its -chloro derivative as fuels.

On the Role of Water in the Formation of a Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on NiCl·6HO and Urea.

The metal-based deep eutectic solvent (MDES) formed by NiCl·6HO and urea in 1:3.5 molar ratio has been prepared for the first time and characterized from a structural point of view. Particular accent has been put on the role of water in the MDES formation, since the eutectic could not be obtained with the anhydrous form of the metal salt.

Two Faces of the Same Coin: Coupling X-Ray Absorption and NMR Spectroscopies to Investigate the Exchange Reaction Between Prototypical Cu Coordination Complexes.

The satisfactory rationalization of complex reactive pathways in solution chemistry may greatly benefit from the combined use of advanced experimental and theoretical complementary methods of analysis. In this work, we combine X-Ray Absorption and H NMR spectroscopies with state-of-the-art Multivariate Curve Resolution and theoretical analyses to gain a comprehensive view on a prototypical reaction involving the variation of the oxidation state and local structure environment of a selected metal ion coordinated by organic ligands. Specifically, we investigate the 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid reduction of the octahedral complex established by the Cu ion with terpyridine to the tetrahedral complex formed by Cu and neocuproine.

Structural and mechanistic insights into low-temperature CO oxidation over a prototypical high entropy oxide by Cu L-edge operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

High entropy oxides (HEOs) are an emerging class of materials constituted by multicomponent systems that are receiving special interest as candidates for obtaining novel and desirable properties. In this study we present a detailed investigation of the relevant intermediates arising at the surface of the prototypical HEO MgCoNiCuZnO during low-temperature CO oxidation. By combining Cu L-edge operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (soft-XAS) with density functional theory simulations and FT-IR spectroscopy, we propose that upon HEO exposure to CO at 235 °C reduced Cu(I) sites arise mostly coordinated to activated CO molecules and partly to bidentate carbonate species.

Catching the Reversible Formation and Reactivity of Surface Defective Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Operando Ambient Pressure-NEXAFS Investigation.

In this work, we apply for the first time ambient pressure operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the location, structural properties, and reactivity of the defective sites present in the prototypical metal-organic framework HKUST-1. We obtained direct evidence that Cu defective sites form upon temperature treatment of the powdered form of HKUST-1 at 160 °C and that they are largely distributed on the material surface. Further, a thorough structural characterization of the Cu/Cu dimeric complexes arising from the temperature-induced dehydration/decarboxylation of the pristine Cu/Cu paddlewheel units is reported.

Utility of vertebral biopsy before vertebroplasty in patients with diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture.

Purpose: To demonstrate the utility of a biopsy performed just before vertebroplasty in patients with diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and no history of neoplastic or hematologic diseases.

Background: Osteoporosis is the most frequent cause of vertebral compression fracture, with trauma and pathologic vertebral weakening being other common causes. Since secondary fractures at imaging investigation can present as simple compression fractures, it is important to identify an underlying pathology.

Activation of C-H bonds by a nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complex: mechanistic evidence through a coupled EDXAS/UV-Vis multivariate analysis.

The understanding of reactive processes involving organic substrates is crucial to chemical knowledge and requires multidisciplinary efforts for its advancement. Herein, we apply a combined multivariate, statistical and theoretical analysis of coupled time-resolved X-ray absorption (XAS)/UV-Vis data to obtain detailed mechanistic information for on the C-H bond activation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) and diphenylmethane (Ph2CH2) by the nonheme FeIV-oxo complex [N4Py·FeIV(O)]2+ (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) in CH3CN at room temperature. Within this approach, we determine the number of key chemical species present in the reaction mixtures and derive spectral and concentration profiles for the reaction intermediates.

Direct structural and mechanistic insights into fast bimolecular chemical reactions in solution through a coupled XAS/UV-Vis multivariate statistical analysis.

In this work, we obtain detailed mechanistic and structural information on bimolecular chemical reactions occurring in solution on the second to millisecond time scales through the combination of a statistical, multivariate and theoretical analysis of time-resolved coupled X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and UV-Vis data. We apply this innovative method to investigate the sulfoxidation of p-cyanothioanisole and p-methoxythioanisole by the nonheme Fe oxo complex [N4Py·Fe(O)] (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) in acetonitrile at room temperature. By employing statistical and multivariate techniques we determine the number of key chemical species involved along the reaction paths and derive spectral and concentration profiles for the reaction intermediates.

Direct Mechanistic Evidence for a Nonheme Complex Reaction through a Multivariate XAS Analysis.

In this work, we propose a method to directly determine the mechanism of the reaction between the nonheme complex Fe(tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) ([Fe(TPA)(CHCN)]) and peracetic acid (AcOOH) in CHCN, working at room temperature. A multivariate analysis is applied to the time-resolved coupled energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EDXAS) reaction data, from which a set of spectral and concentration profiles for the reaction key species is derived. These "pure" extracted EDXAS spectra are then quantitatively characterized by full multiple scattering (MS) calculations.

Coupled X-ray Absorption/UV-vis Monitoring of Fast Oxidation Reactions Involving a Nonheme Iron-Oxo Complex.

Time-resolved X-ray absorption (XAS) and UV-vis spectroscopies with millisecond resolution are used simultaneously to investigate oxidation reactions of organic substrates by nonheme iron activated species. In particular, the oxidation processes of arylsulfides and benzyl alcohols by a nonheme iron-oxo complex have been studied. We show for the first time that the pseudo-first-order rate constants of fast bimolecular processes in solution (milliseconds and above) can be determined by time-resolved XAS technique.

The exact Laplacian spectrum for the Dyson hierarchical network.

We consider the Dyson hierarchical graph , that is a weighted fully-connected graph, where the pattern of weights is ruled by the parameter σ ∈ (1/2, 1]. Exploiting the deterministic recursivity through which is built, we are able to derive explicitly the whole set of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors for its Laplacian matrix. Given that the Laplacian operator is intrinsically implied in the analysis of dynamic processes (e.

First-passage phenomena in hierarchical networks.

In this paper we study Markov processes and related first-passage problems on a class of weighted, modular graphs which generalize the Dyson hierarchical model. In these networks, the coupling strength between two nodes depends on their distance and is modulated by a parameter σ. We find that, in the thermodynamic limit, ergodicity is lost and the "distant" nodes cannot be reached.

Topological properties of hierarchical networks.

Hierarchical networks are attracting a renewal interest for modeling the organization of a number of biological systems and for tackling the complexity of statistical mechanical models beyond mean-field limitations. Here we consider the Dyson hierarchical construction for ferromagnets, neural networks, and spin glasses, recently analyzed from a statistical-mechanics perspective, and we focus on the topological properties of the underlying structures. In particular, we find that such structures are weighted graphs that exhibit a high degree of clustering and of modularity, with a small spectral gap; the robustness of such features with respect to the presence of thermal noise is also studied.

Hierarchical neural networks perform both serial and parallel processing.

In this work we study a Hebbian neural network, where neurons are arranged according to a hierarchical architecture such that their couplings scale with their reciprocal distance. As a full statistical mechanics solution is not yet available, after a streamlined introduction to the state of the art via that route, the problem is consistently approached through signal-to-noise technique and extensive numerical simulations. Focusing on the low-storage regime, where the amount of stored patterns grows at most logarithmical with the system size, we prove that these non-mean-field Hopfield-like networks display a richer phase diagram than their classical counterparts.