Usability of a Web-Based App for Increasing Adolescent Vaccination in Primary Care Settings: Think-Aloud and Survey Assessment.

Background: In the United States, only 58% of teens receive the recommended 2 doses of the human papillomavirus vaccine by 15 years of age. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy often requires effective communication between clinicians and parents to address specific concerns. To support this, we developed ProtectMe4, a multilevel, theory-informed web-based intervention designed to address parents' vaccine-related questions and assist clinicians in discussing vaccine concerns for 4 adolescent vaccines.

Developing the Workforce of the Digital Future: mHealth Competency and Fidelity Measurement in Community-Based Care.

Integrating mobile health (mHealth) interventions into settings that serve diverse patient populations requires that prerequisite professional competencies are delineated and that standards for clinical quality assurance can be pragmatically assessed. Heretofore, proposed mHealth competencies have been broad and have lacked a framework to support specific applications. We outline the meta-competencies identified in the literature relevant to mHealth interventions and demonstrate how these meta-competencies can be integrated with population- and intervention-related competencies to help guide a pragmatic approach to competency assessment.

Identifying mechanisms of persecutory ideation maintenance with smartphone technology: Examining threat importance, certainty, rumination, and behavior change.

Previous cross-sectional and laboratory research has identified risk factors for persecutory ideation including rumination, negative affect, and safety-seeking behaviors. Questions remain about what in-the-moment factors link general negative affect to PI as well as which maintain PI over time. In the present study, N = 219 individuals completed momentary assessments of PI as well as four factors (attributing threats as certain and important, ruminating, and changing one's behavior in response) proposed to maintain PI over time.

Cost of Implementing mHealth in Community Mental Health Settings: External Versus Internal Facilitation.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the costs of two implementation models for the mobile health (mHealth) intervention FOCUS in community mental health settings. The external facilitation (EF) approach uses a hub-and-spoke model, in which a central specialist provides support to clinicians and clients at multiple agencies. With the internal facilitation (IF) approach, frontline clinical staff at each center are trained to serve as their organization's local specialists.

Clinical Characterization of [F]T-008, a Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase PET Ligand: Dosimetry, Kinetic Modeling, Variability, and Soticlestat Occupancy.

This series of studies characterized [F]T-008, a PET radiotracer for imaging cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H), in healthy volunteers (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02497235). Assessments included radiation dosimetry, kinetic modeling, test-retest variability (TRT) evaluation, and a dose occupancy evaluation using soticlestat, a selective CH24H inhibitor.

Using Smartphones to Identify Momentary Characteristics of Persecutory Ideation Associated With Functional Disability.

Objectives: Though often a feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, persecutory ideation (PI) is also common in other psychiatric disorders as well as among individuals who are otherwise healthy. Emerging technologies allow for a more thorough understanding of the momentary phenomenological characteristics that determine whether PI leads to significant distress and dysfunction. This study aims to identify the momentary phenomenological features of PI associated with distress, dysfunction, and need for clinical care.

A preliminary study examining terminology used by individuals with lived experience describing beliefs about being targeted or harmed by others.

While recent studies have prompted re-evaluation of the term "schizophrenia," few have examined the use of terms to describe persecutory ideation (PI) or paranoia. This study examines the preferences and terms used by a cross-diagnostic population of individuals (N = 184) with lived experience using an online survey. Participants most commonly described their PI in terms of the perceived source of threat, followed by clinical language, most commonly variants of "paranoia" and "anxiety.

Determinants of preference for telehealth versus in-person treatment for substance use disorders: A discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: Access to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment remains a significant issue in the United States. Telehealth has potential for increasing access to services; however, it is underutilized in SUD treatment compared to mental health treatment. This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine stated preferences for telehealth (videoconferencing, text-based + video, text only) versus in-person SUD treatment (community-based, in-home) and the attributes (location, cost, therapist choice, wait time, evidence-based practices) most important when choosing between modalities.

Developing the Workforce of the Digital Future: Leveraging Technology to Train Community-Based Mobile Mental Health Specialists.

Challenges in training, dissemination, and implementation have impeded the ability of providers to integrate promising digital health tools in real-world services. There is a need for generalizable strategies to rapidly train real-world providers at scale to support the adoption of digital health. This study describes the development of principles guiding rapid training of community-based clinicians in the support of digital health.

Phenotypic differences between female and male individuals with suspicion of autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, our knowledge about a behavioral and neurobiological female phenotype is still scarce. As the conceptualization and understanding of ASD are mainly based on the investigation of male individuals, females with ASD may not be adequately identified by routine clinical diagnostics. The present machine learning approach aimed to identify diagnostic information from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that discriminates best between ASD and non-ASD in females and males.

Omnidirectional Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Virtual Reality.

In this paper we propose omnidirectional galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to mitigate cybersickness in virtual reality applications. One of the most accepted theories indicates that Cybersickness is caused by the visually induced impression of ego motion while physically remaining at rest. As a result of this sensory mismatch, people associate negative symptoms with VR and sometimes avoid the technology altogether.

A Smartphone Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness: Fully Remote Randomized Controlled Trial of CORE.

Background: People with serious mental illness (SMI) have significant unmet mental health needs. Development and testing of digital interventions that can alleviate the suffering of people with SMI is a public health priority.

Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a fully remote randomized waitlist-controlled trial of CORE, a smartphone intervention that comprises daily exercises designed to promote reassessment of dysfunctional beliefs in multiple domains.

Endogenous dopamine release in the human brain as a pharmacodynamic biomarker: evaluation of the new GPR139 agonist TAK-041 with [C]PHNO PET.

The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in early-phase development of novel drugs targeting the central nervous system, is well established for the evaluation of brain penetration and target engagement. However, when novel targets are involved a suitable PET ligand is not always available. We demonstrate an alternative approach that evaluates the attenuation of amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine release by a novel agonist of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR139 (TAK-041).

mHealth for Young Adults with Early Psychosis: User Preferences and Their Relationship to Attitudes About Treatment-Seeking.

A long duration of untreated psychosis reduces benefits of early intervention for early psychosis. Digital technologies have potential to encourage help-seeking and reduce barriers to care. Because of high rates of smartphone ownership, mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be particularly well-suited to increase access.

Is the Combination of ADOS and ADI-R Necessary to Classify ASD? Rethinking the "Gold Standard" in Diagnosing ASD.

Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires extensive clinical expertise and training as well as a focus on differential diagnoses. The diagnostic process is particularly complex given symptom overlap with other mental disorders and high rates of co-occurring physical and mental health concerns. The aim of this study was to conduct a data-driven selection of the most relevant diagnostic information collected from a behavior observation and an anamnestic interview in two clinical samples of children/younger adolescents and adolescents/adults with suspected ASD.

Identification of the most indicative and discriminative features from diagnostic instruments for children with autism.

Background: Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex and time-consuming. The present work systematically examines the importance of items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in discerning children with and without ASD. Knowledge of the most discriminative features and their underlying concepts may prove valuable for the future training tools that assist clinicians to substantiate or extenuate a suspicion of ASD in nonverbal and minimally verbal children.

What do clinicians want? Understanding frontline addiction treatment clinicians' preferences and priorities to improve the design of measurement-based care technology.

Background: Measurement-based care (MBC) is the practice of routinely administering standardized measures to support clinical decision-making and monitor treatment progress. Despite evidence of its effectiveness, MBC is rarely adopted in routine substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings and little is known about the factors that may improve its adoptability in these settings. The current study gathered qualitative data from SUD treatment clinicians about their perceptions of MBC, the clinical outcomes they would most like to monitor in MBC, and suggestions for the design and implementation of MBC systems in their settings.

Using a Clinical Workflow Analysis to Enhance eHealth Implementation Planning: Tutorial and Case Study.

eHealth apps often fail to improve clinical outcomes due to poor integration with clinical workflow-the sequence and personnel needed to undertake a series of tasks for clinical care. Our central thesis is that eHealth interventions will be more effective if the clinical workflow is studied and taken into consideration for intervention implementation. This paper aims to provide an introductory tutorial on when and how to use a clinical workflow analysis to guide the implementation of eHealth interventions.

Analysis of Venture Capital Investment in Therapeutic Otolaryngologic Devices, 2008-2017.

This cross-sectional analysis characterizes venture capital investments in otolaryngologic devices by therapeutic area using data from a private capital market data provider from 2008 through 2017.

Distrust in health care and cultural factors are associated with uptake of colorectal cancer screening in Hispanic and Asian Americans.

Background: There are racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, including lower uptake rates among Hispanic Americans (HAs) and Asian Americans (AAs) relative to non-Hispanic white Americans. The objective of this study was to explore pathways associated with the use of health services and to characterize multifaceted associations with the uptake of CRC screening among HAs and AAs.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2012-2013).

Occupancy of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptors by the Antagonist LY2940094 in Rats and Healthy Human Subjects.

Therapeutic benefits from nociceptin opioid peptide receptor (NOP) antagonism were proposed for obesity, eating disorders, and depression. LY2940094 ([2-[4-[(2-chloro-4,4-difluoro-spiro[5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-7,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridyl]methanol) is a novel, orally bioavailable, potent, and selective NOP antagonist. We studied NOP receptor occupancy (RO) after single oral LY2940094 doses in rat hypothalamus and human brain by use of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (LSN2810397) and positron emission tomography (PET) ([(11)C]NOP-1A) tracers, respectively.

Developing the WorkingWell mobile app to promote job tenure for individuals with serious mental illnesses.

Objective: Individuals living with serious mental illnesses are key stakeholders in user experience design and the development of the mobile app to enhance on-the-job follow-along support. In this study, Individual Placement and Support (IPS) consumers identify challenges in sustaining employment, provide data regarding their use of technology, and suggest technology-based solutions for coping on the job to inform app development.

Method: Focus groups were conducted in 3 agencies providing IPS services to examine consumers' perspectives on supported employment, work, and their preferences for technology-based supports.

Receptor Occupancy of the κ-Opioid Antagonist LY2456302 Measured with Positron Emission Tomography and the Novel Radiotracer 11C-LY2795050.

The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) is thought to play an important therapeutic role in a wide range of neuropsychiatric and substance abuse disorders, including alcohol dependence. LY2456302 is a recently developed KOR antagonist with high affinity and selectivity and showed efficacy in the suppression of ethanol consumption in rats. This study investigated brain penetration and KOR target engagement after single oral doses (0.

Test-retest reproducibility of binding parameters in humans with 11C-LY2795050, an antagonist PET radiotracer for the κ opioid receptor.

Unlabelled: (11)C-LY2795050 is a new antagonist PET radioligand for the κ opioid receptor (KOR). In this study, we assessed the reproducibility of the binding parameters of (11)C-LY2795050 in healthy human subjects.

Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects (11 men and 5 women) underwent 2 separate 90-min PET scans with arterial input function and plasma free fraction (fP) measurements.