New reactor dedicated to in operando studies of model catalysts by means of surface x-ray diffraction and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering.

A new experimental setup has been developed to enable in situ studies of catalyst surfaces during chemical reactions by means of surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD) and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering. The x-ray reactor chamber was designed for both ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) and reactive gas environments. A laser beam heating of the sample was implemented; the sample temperature reaches 1100 K in UHV and 600 K in the presence of reactive gases.

An apparatus for temperature-dependent soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering.

Interest in the use of soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering techniques to probe the distribution of magnetic moments in thin films has exploded during the last few years. In this paper a novel diffractometer devoted to temperature-dependent soft X-ray resonant scattering is described. The principal features of the diffractometer are presented and illustrated through experiments performed at LURE during the commissioning phase.