Histologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction studies of bottlenose dolphins from the 1987-1988 United States Atlantic coast epizootic.

Tissues from 95 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died during the 1987-1988 US Atlantic coast epizootic and 11 bottlenose dolphins that died along the Atlantic coast prior to 1987 were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed on 36 of the epizootic and all of the pre-1987 cases. Epizootic cases had syncytia and rare intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within lung, lymph node, and spleen.

Rapidly progressive T cell lymphoma presenting as acute renal failure: case report and review of the literature.

We describe a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma that is remarkable for its fulminate course and selective targeting of both kidneys. The patient was a 6-year-old girl who was in her usual state of good health until the onset of abdominal pain and fever. She was treated for acute oliguric renal failure and visual disturbances.

Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus.

The "Spanish" influenza pandemic killed at least 20 million people in 1918-1919, making it the worst infectious pandemic in history. Understanding the origins of the 1918 virus and the basis for its exceptional virulence may aid in the prediction of future influenza pandemics. RNA from a victim of the 1918 pandemic was isolated from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, lung tissue sample.

Development and characterization of v-myc/v-raf-transformed murine fetal thymocyte cell lines.

Transformed murine fetal thymocyte cell lines were derived by incubating fetal thymic organ cultures with a v-myc/v-raf-containing retroviral construct in order to model developmental stages within the early triple negative (CD3-CD4-CD8-) thymocyte population. The resulting 10 cell lines had a lymphoid morphology, were all CD44+, CD90+, and were triple negative by surface antigen analysis. The cell lines, however, were distinguishable by differences in the expression of T cell-associated and T cell-specific genes.

Morbilliviral epizootic in bottlenose dolphins of the Gulf of Mexico.

Morbillivirus infection was diagnosed in 35/67 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Mexico that stranded from October 1993 through April 1994 in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas (USA) during periods of increased dolphin strandings in each of the 3 states. Diagnosis was based on histologic lesions, immunohistochemical demonstration of mobilliviral antigen, and detection of morbilliviral RNA by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (5 dolphins), on histologic lesions and detection of morbilliviral RNA by RT-PCR performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (1 dolphin), and on detection of morbilliviral RNA by RT-PCR performed on unfixed lung samples collected from carcasses with advanced postmortem autolysis (29 dolphins). Histologic lesions included proliferative interstitial pneumonia with syncytial cells and eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, lymphoid depletion and syncytial cells with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in lymph nodes, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in transitional epithelium of urinary bladder, and a syncytial cell with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in epidermis.

Loss of functional beta 2-microglobulin in metastatic melanomas from five patients receiving immunotherapy.

Background: In a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma, T lymphocytes bearing the cell-surface marker CD8 (CD8+ T cells) can cause the regression of even large tumors. These antitumor CD8+ T cells recognize peptide antigens presented on the surface of tumor cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The MHC class I molecule is a heterodimer composed of an integral membrane glycoprotein designated the alpha chain and a noncovalently associated, soluble protein called beta2-microglobulin (beta 2m).

Combination therapy with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

The toxicity and clinical response to treatment with the combination of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma was evaluated. From May 1993 through February 1994, 20 patients were treated with 24 courses of IFN-gamma with or without IL-2. A 7-day course of subcutaneous IFN-gamma alone was administered to cohorts of two or three patients each at doses of 0.

Metastatic melanoma: correlation of MRI characteristics and histopathology.

To correlate the findings on MRI with histopathology of metastatic melanoma, MRI was performed on 29 patients with 36 lesions, using spin-echo and inversion recovery sequences. Histopathologic examination of lesions was performed within 4 weeks of imaging. Lesions were categorized according to cell type and were also evaluated for the presence and extent of melanin, iron, and necrosis.

Characterization of a new antigen expressed by B and myeloid lineage cells identified by the monoclonal antibody LIP-6.

The LIP-6 MAb was produced against the undifferentiated cell line bh2-1 and recognizes an antigen expressed on all pre-B and B cell lines tested and some myeloid lineage lines. FACS analysis of normal tissues showed that LIP-6 is expressed on B lineage cells at all stages of differentiation, from bone marrow pre-B to plasma cells. T cells and thymocytes are LIP-6-, and splenic CD11b+ cells are heterogeneous for LIP-6 expression.

Postmortem diagnosis of morbillivirus infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico epizootics by polymerase chain reaction-based assay.

Lung tissue from 39 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) found dead off the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts from 1987 to 1994 was examined for the presence of morbillivirus using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

Invasive zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus incongruus.

During the past decade, an increasing spectrum of pathogenic Zygomycetes fungi have caused infections in humans. The preponderance of these deeply invasive infections have been caused by members of the order Mucorales. However, deeply invasive zygomycoses due to genera of the order Entomophthorales (Conidiobolus species and Basidiobolus species) have seldom been reported.

Loss of HLA haplotype and B locus down-regulation in melanoma cell lines.

The expression of HLA class I molecules on tumor cells is vital for CD8+T cell recognition of tumor Ags. Loss of HLA class I Ag expression as a result of defective beta 2-microglobulin genes has been described in melanoma cells. To further evaluate mechanisms of tumor escape, HLA class I Ag expression was compared in 24 metastatic melanoma cell lines and 20 melanocyte strains by FACS analysis with use of allele-specific mAbs.

Squamous cell papillomas of the esophagus: a study of 23 lesions for human papillomavirus by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.

This study assessed squamous cell papillomas of the human esophagus for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and correlated the results with histological features. Twenty-three lesions obtained by endoscopic biopsy from 17 patients were studied, first by in situ hybridization (ISH) for HPV types 6-11, 16-18, 18, and 31-33-51, and second by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with amplification of multiple HPV types and demonstration of amplified product by ethidium bromide staining and Southern blot hybridization for HPV types 6-11, 16, and 18 in each case. Evidence of HPV DNA was found in only one lesion, which showed HPV type 6-11 by ISH and HPV positivity by Southern blotting of the amplified product after the PCR.

Histopathological analysis of metastatic melanoma deposits in patients receiving adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a wide range of human and murine tumors can be expanded in vitro using interleukin-2 (IL-2). These TIL are cytolytic T lymphocytes with in vivo and in vitro antitumor activity in mice and in humans. TIL from human melanoma can recognize autologous tumor in an MHC-restricted fashion, localize in vivo after 111In labeling, and mediate regression of large metastatic deposits.

Pulmonary metastatic disease in ameloblastoma.

Ameloblastoma is a rare disease of odontogenic origin with indeterminate metastatic potential. The first site of metastatic disease is usually the lung. We report aggressive surgical treatment of a patient with bilateral disease with five subsequent recurrences.

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging is a highly sensitive method for the detection of the lesions of multiple sclerosis and renders possible the study and the evolution of early lesions. Previous reports on magnetic resonance imaging following gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) injection demonstrated that new lesions can be recognized by contrast enhancement. The pathological basis of these observations is uncertain.

Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary carcinoma.

Pituitary tumors rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system. Of the more than 100 reported TSH-secreting adenomas, we now describe the first carcinoma. A 40-yr-old woman had transsphenoidal surgery for a large TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma in 1984.

Tolerance of small bowel anastomoses in rabbits to photodynamic therapy with dihematoporphyrin ethers and 630 nm red light.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being evaluated in experimental clinical trials in patients with peritoneal malignancies. Some patients require partial small bowel resection with re-anastomosis prior to PDT because of bulky tumor or focal involvement of the small bowel by tumor. To assess the safety of PDT in this setting, the tolerance of small bowel anastomoses in New Zealand white rabbits to PDT with dihematoporphyrin ethers (DHE) and 630 nm light was studied.

A thyroid biopsy with histologic features of both Riedel's thyroiditis and the fibrosing variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

We describe a 36-year-old woman with clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of both Riedel's thyroiditis and the fibrosing variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Features of the former included a hard, fixed thyroid mass and extensive involvement of perithyroidal tissues by dense fibrosis with lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells. Features supporting Hashimoto's thyroiditis included high serum titers of antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies and the histologic findings within the thyroid gland itself: dense fibrous bands dividing the thyroid parenchyma into nodules composed of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, plasma cells, and oxyphilic metaplasia of follicular epithelial cells.

Effective regional therapy of experimental cancer with paralesional administration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha + interferon-gamma.

Systemically administered tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has anti-tumour effects in animal tumour models but its clinical application is limited by severe toxicity. Interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) has been shown to augment the anti-tumour effect of TNF. We evaluated the effect of paralesional (p.

The persistence of human peripheral lymphocytes, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and colon adenocarcinomas in immunodeficient mice.

The reconstitution of severely immunodeficient mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may represent a unique model system to evaluate human antitumor responses. To evaluate this possibility, we studied human PBMC reconstitution, human tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) persistence, and human colon adenocarcinoma propagation in beige/nude/xid (BNX) and in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. To evaluate human PBMC reconstitution, 75 mice received 1 x 10(7)-1 x 10(9) human PBMCs i.

Thymoma with abundant L26-positive 'asteroid' cells. A case report with an analysis of normal thymus and thymoma specimens.

A case of thymoma is presented that was referred for consultation with the differential diagnosis of thymoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunoperoxidase studies performed on fixed, paraffin-embedded sections demonstrated the presence of numerous epithelial cells, supporting the diagnosis of thymoma. However, the pan-B-cell antibody L26 also demonstrated abundant staining, an unexpected finding that may be a potential source of diagnostic confusion.

Immunophenotypic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia using routinely processed bone marrow specimens.

Monoclonal antibodies have been recently developed that react with antigens expressed on T and B lymphocytes in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues. In this study, we assessed bone marrow clot and/or core biopsy sections of 19 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using routinely decalcified, B5- or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections and a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including LN1, LN2, L26, Leu-22, UCHL-1, and LCA. Each case had been previously phenotyped using freshly obtained aspirate material and a standard immunophenotypic protocol.

Enhanced in vitro bone marrow cell migration and T-lymphocyte responses in aged mice given subcutaneous thymic epithelial cell grafts.

Thymic epithelial cell cultures from newborn CBA/J mice were developed and grown on collagen-coated dextran beads. These thymic epithelial cells were transplanted subcutaneously into aged syngeneic mice. After several weeks, enhanced in vitro migration of host bone marrow cells occurred to supernatants prepared from neonatal thymus cultures in thymic epithelial cell grafted mice compared to control aged mice.