Frailty index is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: This study investigates the association between frailty and mortality in Eastern European populations, which remains largely unexplored compared with Western Europe. The aim is to assess the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with varying levels of frailty.

Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted, involving random population samples from the Czech Republic, Poland and Lithuania.

Pulmonary function and trajectories of cognitive decline in aging population.

Background: The number of older people with cognitive impairment is increasing worldwide. Impaired lung function might be associated with cognitive decline in older age; however, results from large longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, we examined the longitudinal associations between pulmonary function and the trajectories of cognitive decline using prospective population-based SHARE data from 14 countries.