Gastrointestinal pain: A systematic review of temporal summation of pain paradigms and outcomes.

Background And Objective: Since targeted treatment for gastrointestinal pain is elusive, identifying the mechanistic underpinning of this pain type is important. Facilitation of spinal neuronal responses underpins certain pain types, and the psychophysical temporal summation of pain (TSP) paradigm provides a proxy measure of spinal facilitatory processes. Our aim was to systematically review whether facilitated TSP is a feature of gastrointestinal pain in patients with, or pain-free people experiencing experimentally induced, gastrointestinal pain.

Pain in Parkinson's disease: Mechanism-based treatment strategies.

Purpose Of Review: Chronic pain, highly prevalent throughout the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), has been ranked as one of the top ten most bothersome symptoms people with Parkinson's (PwP) are experiencing. Yet, robust evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. This unmet need is partly attributable to the multifaceted nature of PD-related pain, which results in part from a complex and poorly understood interplay involving a range of neurotransmitter pathways.

Towards optimising experimental quantification of persistent pain in Parkinson's disease using psychophysical testing.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) may live for multiple decades after diagnosis. Ensuring that effective healthcare provision is received across the range of symptoms experienced is vital to the individual's wellbeing and quality of life. As well as the hallmark motor symptoms, PD patients may also suffer from non-motor symptoms including persistent pain.

The impact of paradigm and stringent analysis parameters on measuring a net conditioned pain modulation effect: A test, retest, control study.

Background: Reporting in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) studies is not standardised. Here, two CPM protocols were performed in populations of healthy human subjects in order to investigate the influence of the CPM paradigm and stringent analyses parameters on the identification of a net CPM effect.

Methods: A standard thermal or mechanical CPM protocol was carried out on 25 and 17 subjects, respectively.

Activation of the descending pain modulatory system using cuff pressure algometry: Back translation from man to rat.

Background: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) as measured in rat and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), the supposed psychophysical paradigm of DNIC measured in humans, are unique manifestations of an endogenous descending modulatory pathway that is activated by the application of a noxious conditioning stimulus. The predictive value of the human CPM processing is crucial when deliberating the translational worth of the two phenomena.

Methods: For CPM or DNIC measurement, test and conditioning stimuli were delivered using a computer-controlled cuff algometry system or manual inflation of neonate blood pressure cuffs, respectively.