Association between Gut Microbiota and Body Composition in Japanese General Population: A Focus on Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle.

This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial genera associated with skeletal muscle mass, using a large-scale survey from the standpoint of preventing sarcopenia. A total of 848 participants were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) ages of men ( = 353) and women ( = 495) were 50.

[The Analgesic Effect of Aspirin on Inflammatory Pain in Rats Is Affected by Pain Intensity and Administration Timing].

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely known as painkillers. The analgesic action of NSAIDs is attributable to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis that occurs in response to blocking cyclooxygenase activity. The effective dose of NSAIDs can vary depending on pain intensity and administration timing; however, there are few studies on this.

Oral administration of Japanese sake yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake) promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice via adenosine A receptors.

We have demonstrated previously that Japanese sake yeast improves sleep quality in humans. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of sake yeast to induce sleep by monitoring locomotor activity, electromyogram and electroencephalogram in mice. Oral administration of Japanese sake yeast (100, 200, and 300 mg kg ) decreased the locomotor activity by 18, 46 and 59% and increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by 1.

Japanese sake yeast supplementation improves the quality of sleep: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial.

Activation of adenosine A2a receptors in cerebral neurons induces sleep in various mammals. It was previously found that Japanese sake yeast enriched in adenosine analogues activates A2a receptors in vitro and induces sleep in mice. Here it is reported that sake yeast activated A2a receptors in a cultured human cell line and improved human sleep quality in a clinical trial.

Lipid peroxides induce early onset of catagen phase in murine hair cycles.

The precise mechanisms of alopecia, a pathophysiological disorder with negative psychological implications, are unknown. Androgen and hereditary predisposition are major causes, but the condition is also affected by stress, an irregular diet and high levels of sebum secretion. We focused on oxidative stress and analyzed the effect of the lipid peroxides on hair follicles.

Ephrin-A3 not only increases the density of hair follicles but also accelerates anagen development in neonatal mice.

Background: Ephrins are cell-membrane-bound ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (Eph). Although ephrins are known to regulate a variety of developmental processes, little is known of their role in hair development. Previously, we studied the gene expression of dermal papilla cells from androgenetic alopecia and found that ephrin-A3 was significantly down-regulated.

Different gene expression profile observed in dermal papilla cells related to androgenic alopecia by DNA macroarray analysis.

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of baldness in men. Although etiological studies have proved that androgen is one of the causes of this symptom, the defined molecular mechanism underlying androgen-related actions remains largely unknown.

Objectives: To clarify the difference in the gene expression profile of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in skin affected by baldness.