Analysis of dislocation defects in compositionally step-graded α-(Al Ga )O layers.

The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor α-GaO can be heteroepitaxially grown on a sapphire substrate. However, due to a lattice mismatch of about 4.6% with a sapphire substrate, many dislocation defects occur in α-GaO films.

Growth of α-GaO from Gallium Acetylacetonate under HCl Support by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition.

α-GaO films were grown on a -plane sapphire substrate by HCl-supported mist chemical vapor deposition with multiple solution chambers, and the effect of HCl support on α-GaO film quality was investigated. The growth rate monotonically increased with increasing Ga supply rate. However, as the Ga supply rate was higher than 0.

Characterization and analytical development for amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid) as raw material of nanoparticle adjuvants.

Amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) as the hydrophilic backbone and L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (Phe) as the hydrophobic side chain is an important biodegradable polymer with great potential in medical applications. In this research, we established analytical methods for the characterization and quality control of γ-PGA-graft-Phe (γ-PGA-Phe), which forms nanoparticles in aqueous solution, as a deployment platform in practical applications for vaccine adjuvants. The SEC-RI/MALS system, which uses size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with a multi_angle light scattering (MALS) detector and refractive index (RI) detector, was developed to evaluate the characteristics of various types of polymers.

Transport-metabolism interplay: LXRalpha-mediated induction of human ABC transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) in HepG2 cells.

Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of this hepatic ABC transporter are of great interest to understand the transport-metabolism interplay in vivo. In the present study, to gain insight into the mechanism of ABCC2 induction, we tested a total of 46 structurally diverse compounds, including nuclear receptor ligands, antibiotics, bile salts, phytochemicals, and anticancer drugs.