Long-term efficacies of selective vasodilators in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a comprehensive comparison using a spontaneous reporting database.

There is no clinical evidence of differences in drugs associated with long-term survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to the small population and lack of information on death in Japanese medical database systems. This study evaluated whether patient data from a spontaneous reporting database could be used for comparing the effects of pulmonary vasodilators on long-term survival in PAH patients. PAH patient data reported in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database from April 2004 to July 2022 were extracted.

Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients administered proton pump inhibitors: a single-center cohort study.

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may be associated with renal dysfunction. Renal dysfunction in PPI users requires evaluation of development and progression risks simultaneously, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope, which indicates changes in eGFR per year. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have evaluated eGFR slope in PPI users.

Characterization of plasma daptomycin in patients with serum highly glycated albumin and obesity.

Purpose: Plasma daptomycin has not been fully characterized in diabetic and obese patients. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of plasma daptomycin with glycation of serum albumin and obesity.

Methods: Infectious patients (n = 70) receiving intravenous daptomycin were enrolled.

Bleeding events among patients concomitantly treated with direct oral anticoagulants and macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Fluoroquinolones and macrolides may, due to a potential drug-drug interaction, increase the concentration of any concomitantly administered direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and thereby increase the risk of severe bleeding. However, clinical evidence for such an effect is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides and bleeding events in patients with concomitant DOAC use.

Incidence of acute kidney injury after teicoplanin- or vancomycin- and piperacillin/tazobactam combination therapy: A comparative study using propensity score matching analysis.

Introduction: Combination therapy with vancomycin (VCM) and piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Teicoplanin (TEIC) has a lower risk of AKI than VCM. Currently, the difference in AKI risk after TEIC-PIPC/TAZ combination therapy and VCM-PIPC/TAZ combination therapy is controversial.

Association Between the Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio and Concomitant Use of Antibiotics in Warfarin Users: Focus on Type of Antibiotic and Susceptibility of to Antibiotics.

Background: The difference in type of antibiotics and susceptibility of to antibiotics may influence warfarin anticoagulation. However, these influences have not been clarified in clinical settings.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate association the between the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) and concomitant use of antibiotics in a real-world population of warfarin users.

Impact of Cachexia and Opioid Analgesic Cotreatment on Pregabalin Pharmacokinetics and Central Nervous System Symptoms in Cancer Patients.

Background: Patients with cancer receiving pregabalin potentially have a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore clinical factors influencing the incidence of CNS symptoms, including plasma pregabalin exposure, cancer cachexia, and opioid analgesic cotreatment.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with cancer receiving twice-daily pregabalin were enrolled.

Airborne Monoterpenes Emitted from a Cupressus lusitanica Cell Culture Induce a Signaling Cascade that Produces β-Thujaplicin.

A cell culture of Cupressus lusitanica was used to investigate the reaction of a plant to certain airborne chemicals. Compared with laboratory and field methods using intact plants or tissues, a cell culture is advantageous because it is not affected by environmental factors, and the experiments are easier to reproduce. When exposed to an elicitor, our cell line produces 10 monoterpenes and β-thujaplicin, which is a strong phytoalexin.

A Validated Fluorometric Method for the Rapid Determination of Pregabalin in Human Plasma Applied to Patients With Pain.

Background: Pregabalin has been used for the treatment of pain. A clinically accepted method applied to patients with pain has not been published for the determination of pregabalin in human plasma. This study developed a fluorometric ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method to measure pregabalin concentration in patients with pain.

Saturated Metabolism of Voriconazole N-Oxidation Resulting in Nonlinearity of Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole at Clinical Doses.

Metabolic saturation of voriconazole based on the trough plasma concentrations of voriconazole and its major metabolite N-oxide were evaluated according to CYP2C19 genotypes in 58 Japanese patients receiving voriconazole (median dose; 200 mg twice daily) for prophylaxis or treatment. Predose trough plasma concentrations of voriconazole and N-oxide were monitored on day 5 d or later after initiation of voriconazole treatment. Large interindividual variations in trough plasma concentrations of voriconazole and N-oxide were observed.

Impact of CYP3A5*3 on plasma exposure and urinary excretion of fentanyl and norfentanyl in the early postsurgical period.

Background: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenous fentanyl have not been fully clarified in the early postsurgical period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma exposure and urinary excretion of fentanyl and norfentanyl according to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 genetic polymorphism.

Methods: Fifty-two adult Japanese postoperative patients receiving a continuous intravenous fentanyl infusion were enrolled.

Simple and validated UHPLC method coupled to UV detection for determination of daptomycin in human plasma and urine.

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, is excreted primarily by the kidneys. Development of effective chromatographic methodologies for the determination of daptomycin in human specimens is necessary for clinical use. This study developed a simple and validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to ultraviolet detection for determination of daptomycin in human plasma and urine.

Plasma exposure of free linezolid and its ratio to minimum inhibitory concentration varies in critically ill patients.

The clinical implications of free linezolid monitoring have not been fully clarified in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability in pharmacokinetics of free linezolid and its relationship with susceptibility to meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in critically ill patients. Twenty critically ill MRSA-infected patients receiving intravenous linezolid were enrolled.

Peripheral capillary nonperfusion and full-field electroretinographic changes in eyes with frosted branch-like appearance retinal vasculitis.

We report a patient with frosted branch-like appearance retinal vasculitis associated with peripheral capillary nonperfusion and full-field electroretinographic changes. A 62-year-old man presented with sudden bilateral decreased vision accompanied by headaches. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.

Hydroxy-itraconazole pharmacokinetics is similar to that of itraconazole in immunocompromised patients receiving oral solution of itraconazole.

Background: The pharmacokinetic variability of hydroxy-itraconazole (OH-ITZ), an active metabolite of itraconazole (ITZ), is not fully known.

Methods: Oral solution of ITZ was administered in 46 immunocompromised patients as a single 200 mg dose for at least 12 days. The plasma concentrations of ITZ, active OH-ITZ, and keto-itraconazole (keto-ITZ), an inactive metabolite, 12 h after administration were determined by LC-UV or LC-MS/MS.

Impact of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on fentanyl pharmacokinetics and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing conversion to a transdermal system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on fentanyl pharmacokinetics and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing conversion to a transdermal system. Sixty Japanese cancer patients being treated with a fentanyl transdermal reservoir system according to the current Japanese guidelines were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained 192 h after conversion to the fentanyl transdermal system.

Impact of concomitant antacid administration on gabapentin plasma exposure and oral bioavailability in healthy adult subjects.

The aim of this open-label, randomized, and 3-period crossover study was to evaluate the influences of concomitant antacid administration on the plasma disposition, intestinal absorption, and urinary excretion of gabapentin in humans. Gabapentin (200 mg) was orally administered alone, with 1 g magnesium oxide (MgO), or with 20 mg omeprazole to 13 healthy adult subjects. Oral bioavailability (BA) of gabapentin was estimated by 24-h urine collection.

Simple and rapid HPLC-UV method using an ultrafine particle octadecylsilane for determination of residual fentanyl in applied Durotep MT transdermal matrix patches and its clinical application.

A few complicated and time-consuming methods are available for the determination of residual fentanyl in Durotep MT transdermal patches, however, their application to clinical settings is limited. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and rapid HPLC-UV method using an ultrafine particle octadecylsilane (ODS) for the determination of residual fentanyl in applied Durotep MT transdermal matrix patches. Patch extraction involved sonicating a shredded Durotep MT patch in acetonitrile for 15 min.

Rapid simultaneous determination of voriconazole and its N-oxide in human plasma using an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method and its clinical application.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a simultaneous determination method for voriconazole (VRCZ) and its N-oxide (VNO) in human plasma and to apply it to clinical samples.

Design And Methods: Plasma specimens were deproteinized with acetonitrile and then injected into an HPLC-UV system. VRCZ and VNO were separated on an ODS column filled with 2.

[Causes of visual impairment in Mie Prefecture during a 5-year period].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of visual impairment in Mie prefecture during a five-year period.

Subjects And Methods: The study was conducted between April 2004 and March 2009 in Mie Prefecture. 1,322 visually impaired people as defined by the Act on Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons were enrolled.

Alterations in pharmacological action of the right ventricle of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate pathophysiological and pharmacological alterations in the right ventricle in monocrotaline-administered (MCT) rats. Examination of tissue weights of the MCT and age-matched control (CON) rats indicated the right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy until 8 weeks after a single subcutaneous administration of 60 mg/kg MCT. Apparent fibrosis in the right ventricle of the MCT rat at the 6th week (6w-MCT) was observed.