Influence of stimulation frequency on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cathepsin-B production in healthy young adults.

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been shown to stimulate the production of myokines (i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), but the most effective EMS parameters for myokine production have not been fully elucidated.

Physiological adaptations following vigorous exercise and moderate exercise with superimposed electrical stimulation.

Introduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) induces involuntary muscle contraction, preferentially promotes anaerobic metabolism, and is applicable for increasing exercise intensity. This study aimed to assess whether superimposing NMES onto moderate-intensity voluntary exercise imitates physiological adaptations that occur in response to vigorous voluntary exercise.

Methods: Eight participants trained with a cycling ergometer at 100% of the ventilatory threshold (VT) (73.

Effect of exercise intensity on metabolic responses on combined application of electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise.

The combined application of voluntary exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been developed as a new type of exercise that can recruit motor units contributing to both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms. We aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary exercise intensity on metabolic responses on the combination of voluntary exercise and NMES. In 13 volunteers, oxygen consumption and the blood lactate concentration were measured during (1) voluntary pedaling exercise at four different intensities: 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the ventilatory threshold (VT) (VOL), (2) these voluntary exercises with superimposed NMES applied to the gluteus and thigh muscles (VOL+NMES), and (3) NMES only (NMES).