Structural basis of chimpanzee APOBEC3H dimerization stabilized by double-stranded RNA.

APOBEC3H (A3H) is a mammal-specific cytidine deaminase that potently restricts the replication of retroviruses. Primate A3Hs are known to exert key selective pressures against the cross-species transmission of primate immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees to humans. Despite recent advances, the molecular structures underlying the functional mechanisms of primate A3Hs have not been fully understood.

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Induction in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Can Be Estimated by Non-Photochemical Quenching upon Actinic Illumination During the Dark Period.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, which switches the mode of photosynthesis from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) upon high salt stress, was shown here to exhibit diurnal changes in not only the CO2 fixation pathway but also Chl fluorescence parameters under CAM-induced conditions. We conducted comprehensive time course measurements of M. crystallinum leaf Chl fluorescence using the same leaf throughout the CAM induction period.

Dynamic neighbouring participation of nitrogen lone pairs on the chromogenic behaviour of trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) coordination platforms.

The participation of neighbouring nitrogen lone pairs in the chromogenic control of trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) platforms was examined, using newly designed Pt analogues bearing salicylaldehyde hydrazone ligands. A series of non-vaulted and vaulted Pt complexes (1-5) with salicylaldehyde hydrazones as trans-coordinated bidentate ligands were synthesized and characterized with regard to the chromogenic behaviour of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) coordination platforms. X-ray diffraction and 2D NMR data demonstrated that, in the case of the non-vaulted N-monomethyl complexes 1, there was significant participation of neighbouring N(2) lone pairs in the d-π conjugation of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) platforms owing to conformational fixation arising from intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Activation of fast sleep spindles at the premotor cortex and parietal areas contributes to motor learning: a study using sLORETA.

Objective: The present study examined whether slow and/or fast sleep spindles are related to visuomotor learning, by examining the densities of current sleep spindle activities.

Methods: Participants completed a visuomotor task before and after sleep on the learning night. This task was not performed on the non-learning night.

Fast sleep spindle (13-15 hz) activity correlates with sleep-dependent improvement in visuomotor performance.

Study Objectives: The relationship between memory enhancement and fast (13-16 Hz) versus slow (10-13 Hz) spindle activity during sleep was investigated.

Design: Standard polysomnographic recordings were conducted during an adaptation, control nonlearning, and learning night. Automatic spindle detection and measurement was utilized with visual confirmation.