Reusable isotype heterojunction g-CN/alginate hydrogel spheres for photocatalytic wastewater treatment.

Various visible-light-driven photocatalysts have been studied for practical applications in photocatalytic wastewater treatment solar irradiation. Among them, g-CN has attractive features, including its metal-free and environmentally friendly nature; however, it is prone to charge recombination and has low photocatalytic activity. To solve these problems, isotype heterojunction g-CN was recently developed; however, the methods employed for synthesis suffered from limited reproducibility and efficiency.

Optimization of method for cross-section hydrogels preparation using high-pressure freezing.

High-pressure water freeze fracturing is a method for preparing water-containing samples such as hydrogels for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which a sample is placed in a divisible pressure vessel, filled with water, sealed, frozen with liquid nitrogen and then vacuum dried after the vessel is divided. The pressure (∼200 MPa) generated by the phase transition from water to ice is expected to inhibit ice crystal formation that causes large deformation of microstructure in the sample. To maximize the useable sample size, where SEM observation is not affected by ice crystal growth, preparation conditions including the size of pressure vessel were examined in this work.

Advanced light-tolerant microalgae-nitrifying bacteria consortia for stable ammonia removal under strong light irradiation using light-shielding hydrogel.

The consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria has attracted attention owing to its advantages, such as energy- and cost-efficiency in terms of using only light irradiation without aeration. However, high light intensity can easily cause photoinhibition of nitrifying bacteria, resulting in process breakdown of the consortium. This challenge limits its practical application in outdoor environment.

The effect of the labile organic fraction in food waste and the substrate/inoculum ratio on anaerobic digestion for a reliable methane yield.

Influence of the labile organic fraction (LOF) on anaerobic digestion of food waste was investigated in different S/I ratio of 0.33, 0.5, 1.

Maximum organic loading rate for the single-stage wet anaerobic digestion of food waste.

Anaerobic digestion of food waste was conducted at high OLR from 3.7 to 12.9 kg-VS m(-3) day(-1) for 225 days.

New instrument for tribocharge measurement due to single particle impacts.

During particulate solid processing, particle-particle and particle-wall collisions can generate electrostatic charges. This may lead to a variety of problems ranging from fire and explosion hazards to segregation, caking, and blocking. A fundamental understanding of the particle charging in such situations is therefore essential.

Triboelectrification of pharmaceutical powders by particle impact.

Pharmaceutical powders are very prone to electrostatic charging by colliding and sliding contacts with walls and other particles. In pharmaceutical formulation processes, particle charging is often a nuisance and can cause problems in the manufacture of products, such as affecting powder flow, and reducing fill and dose uniformity. For a fundamental understanding of the powder triboelectrification, it is essential to study charge transfer due to a single contact of a particle with a target plane under well-defined physical, mechanical and electrical conditions.

Graphical comparison of image analysis and laser diffraction particle size analysis data obtained from the measurements of nonspherical particle systems.

The purpose of this paper is to describe results from the use of a set of Excel macros written to facilitate the comparison of image analysis (IA) and laser diffraction (LD) particle size analysis (psa) data. Measurements were made on particle systems of differing morphological characteristics including differing average aspect ratios, particle size distribution widths and modalities. The IA and LD psa data were plotted on the same graph treating both the weighting and the size unit of the LD psa data as unknowns.