Comparisons of two different doses of fentanyl for procedural analgesia during epidural catheter placement: a double-blind prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fentanyl on analgesic properties and respiratory responses during an epidural procedure. Sixty patients premedicated with oral brotizolam 0.25 mg were allocated to receive procedural analgesia with saline or 25 or 50 μg of fentanyl.

Effects of landiolol on the cardiovascular response during tracheal extubation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landiolol on the cardiovascular responses to emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation. Fifty-nine patients without cardiovascular disorders who were scheduled for tympanoplasty were randomly allocated to receive a loading dose of landiolol at 0.125 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 1 min, followed by an infusion at 0.

[Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for cesarean section: a retrospective study with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine].

Background: We investigated retrospectively the relationship between the intrathecal dose of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and the use of 2% mepivacaine through an epidural catheter.

Methods: Forty-nine patients undergoing cesarean section with combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were analyzed.

[Nicorandil reduces incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection].

Background: Propofol is commonly used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, but the pain during injection of propofol remains a clinical problem. We studied whether nicorandil prevents the pain on propofol injection.

Methods: The study was conducted in 120 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery.