The effects of bevacizumab treatment in a rat model of retinal ischemia and perfusion injury.

Purpose: To create a model of an ischemic retina with temporary ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and to examine the possible antiapoptotic and neurodegenerative effects of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist.

Methods: Three groups were formed. Rats were subjected to continued ischemia for 45 min, and then reperfusion was allowed for 2 days.

Comet Lesions in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic multisystemic disorder affecting the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system. Basic fundoscopic findings in PXE result from Bruch's membrane involvement. The most important fundoscopic findings are angioid streaks.

Fundus Findings in Dengue Fever: A Case Report.

Dengue fever is a flavivirus infection transmitted through infected mosquitoes, and is endemic in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, the Pacific, Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region. A 41-year-old male patient had visual impairment after travelling to Thailand, which is one of the endemic areas. Cotton wool spots were observed on fundus examination.

Microbubble in the hole: a rare cause of failed macular hole surgery?

Purpose: To present a failed macular hole surgery with gas microbubble retention within the hole.

Methods: A 68-year-old female patient with a Stage 2 macular hole underwent vitrectomy with removal of posterior hyaloid and 12% C3F8 gas injection. Because the macular hole was Stage 2 and posterior hyaloid was observed to be firmly attached over the macular area, no attempt was made for peeling of internal limiting membrane.

Short-term effects of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection on retinal vessel calibre.

Purpose:   The aim was to investigate the short-term effects of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the retinal vessel calibre in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and in patients with diabetic macular oedema.

Methods:   Twelve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and eight patients with diabetic macular oedema were included in the study. All patients received an intravitreal injection of 1.

Fundus autofluorescence in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: A prospective evaluation of the pattern of fundus autofluorescence in cases of acute versus chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR).

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, single-centre investigation was performed using three diagnostic techniques, namely, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography to evaluate a sample of patients (n = 42 eyes) with both acute (n = 25 eyes) and chronic (n = 17 eyes) CSR.

Results: Hypoautofluoresecence was found in 80 per cent (20 eyes) and 88.

Polymorphisms of the DNA repair genes XPD and XRCC1 and the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Oxidative stress seems to be an important factor in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The role of DNA repair mechanisms has also received attention recently in AMD pathogenesis. This case-control study was conducted to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in two DNA repair enzyme genes, xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD), codons 312 and 751, and x-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), codons 194 and 399, in patients with AMD and in disease-free control subjects.

A randomized, double-masked controlled clinical trial of Sandostatin long-acting release depot in patients with postsurgical cystoid macular edema.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of octreotide, a somatostatin analog, for treatment of postsurgical cystoid macular edema.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic, refractory postsurgical cystoid macular edema and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 to 20/400 were randomized 2:1 to 30 mg monthly intramuscular octreotide or placebo. Outcome measures were visual acuity (primary) and macular thickness and fluorescein angiographic leakage (secondary).

Correlation of retinal sensitivity and retinal thickness in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Aim: To evaluate the correlation of microperimetry (MP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes having acute onset of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: After a detailed ophthalmological examination, all cases were evaluated by fundus fluorescein angiography, OCT and MP. Mean macular thickness was detected by OCT.

Autofluorescence imaging of pingueculae.

Aims: To analyse the autofluoresence (AF) properties of pingueculae and compare the size of AF with the extent of the visible lesion.

Methods: Forty eyes of 23 patients with pingueculae were included in the study. AF images were obtained using an HRA2 confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope; anterior segment photographies were obtained using TRC-50IX, IMAGEnet 2000 Digital Imaging System.

Near-infrared and short-wavelength autofluorescence imaging in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the results of short-wavelength (SW) and near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence (AF) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Twenty-six eyes of the 26 patients diagnosed with CSC (mean age 37.4 years) were included in this retrospective study.

Excitation-time-dependent increment in the luminescence of fundus autofluorescence.

Aim: To investigate the excitation-time-dependent increment in luminescence of fundus autofluorescence.

Methods: Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were obtained with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Consecutive 60 images of each eye were taken at 1 s time intervals immediately after the beginning of argon laser excitation.

HLA-B51 gene and its expression in association with Behçet's Disease in Denizli Province of Turkey.

Behçet's Disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder as a triad of symptoms including recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulceration, and uveitis with unknown pathogenesis. Many researchers have tried to investigate the association of HLA-B51 gene with the BD. We aimed to investigate the association of the HLA-B51 gene and its expression, also polymorphic structure by PCR, RT-PCR and sequence specific oligonucleotide primers and probes in BD patients (n: 35) and control group (n: 50).

Intraobserver repeatability of automated versus adjusted optical coherence tomography measurements in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Aim: To assess the intraobserver repeatability of automated versus adjusted optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD).

Methods: Ten eyes with NVAMD from 10 consecutive patients underwent two OCT measurements within 5 days by a single operator. Automated and adjusted central 1-mm foveal thickness and automated and adjusted total macular volume were measured in each study eye.

Orbital color Doppler imaging in Behçet's disease with or without ocular involvement.

Purpose: To investigate the value of color Doppler imaging (CDI) of orbital vasculature in the assessment of ocular involvement in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) without clinical ophthalmologic abnormalities.

Methods: CDI of the orbital vessels were performed on 26 eyes of 13 patients who were diagnosed as having BD with ocular involvement (group 1), 65 eyes of 33 patients who had BD without ocular involvement (group 2) and 40 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers (group 3). Peak systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic (EDV) blood flow velocities and resistivity index (RI) measurements were obtained for the ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA).

Optical coherence tomography features of sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage and preretinal membrane in Valsalva retinopathy.

Case Report: Optical coherence tomography features of a sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) premacular hemorrhage and dome-shaped preretinal membrane secondary to Valsalva retinopathy are described.

Comments: The origin of the membrane (internal limiting membrane or posterior hyaloid) and the location of the blood (sub-ILM or subhyaloid) are difficult to define by ophthalmoscopy.

Dynamic and quantitative analysis of choroidal neovascularization by fluorescein angiography.

Purpose: In this study, the authors sought to develop and characterize techniques for measuring changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion size and fluorescence over time for quantitative analysis of fluorescein angiograms.

Methods: Initial assessment of the quantitative technique was made by retrospectively analyzing digital fluorescein angiograms taken before and 3 months after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for CNV (6 patients, group 1). The method was then applied prospectively to digital fluorescein angiograms (baseline and day 71) obtained on 12 patients taking part in a clinical trial investigating the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap in CNV (group 2).

Vascular endothelial growth factor is a critical stimulus for diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME) was tested with ranibizumab, a specific antagonist of VEGF.

Design: A nonrandomized clinical trial.

Methods: Ten patients with chronic DME received intraocular injections of 0.

Topical ciclosporin in the treatment of ocular surface disorders.

Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is the key factor in the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases, with a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors. Management of these conditions is often challenging. Topical corticosteroids, with their associated side effects, are the mainstay of current treatments for patients with vision threatening disease.

Protective effects of antithrombin III on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: a histopathologic study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of antithrombin III (AT III) on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Methods: The study was carried out on 10 Wistar albino rats (20 eyes) and four-vessel occlusion method was employed to induce retinal ischemia in this study. Rats were divided into two groups: Group I (control group, 10 eyes) and Group II (AT III, 10 eyes).

Protective effects of antithrombin III on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: A histopathologic study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of antithrombin III (AT III) on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Methods: The study was carried out on 10 Wistar albino rats (20 eyes) and four-vessel occlusion method was employed to induce retinal ischemia in this study. Rats were divided into two groups: Group I (control group, 10 eyes) and Group II (AT III, 10 eyes).