Spectrum of pediatric brain tumors in India: a multi-institutional study.

Background: Till date there is no published multi-institutional data regarding the epidemiological profile of pediatric brain tumors in India.

Aim: The present retrospective study analyses the histological spectrum of pediatric age group brain tumors in seven tertiary care hospitals in India.

Material And Methods: Data regarding frequencies of various primary brain tumors (diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification), in 3936 pediatric patients (<18 yrs of age), was collected from seven tertiary care hospitals in India.

Nontumor lesions of spinal cord and spine.

Nontumor lesions of the spinal cord and spine include developmental disorders, cystic tumor-like lesions, vascular disorders, infective diseases, demyelinating diseases, degenerative diseases, metabolic and toxic disorders, and spinal cord injury. In addition, diseases of the spine and extradural spaces secondarily cause spinal cord injury. Aside from tumors, these include developmental abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, nontumor space-occupying lesions, and tumor-like lesions such as lipomas, vascular malformations, and cysts.

Synchronous anaplastic oligodendroglioma and carcinoma tongue: a rare association.

We present the case of a 45-year-old female patient who harbored two synchronous primary malignant neoplasms-an anaplastic oligodendroglioma of the right frontal lobe and a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Both neoplasms were in advanced stage and carried a dismal prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation in the english literature of such a presentation.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4+T lymphocytopenia.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is demyelinating of central nervous system caused by JC virus infection and often occurs in immunodeficient individuals. We report progressive PML in a 30-year-old male with idiopathic severely depressed CD4+T lymphocyte count. He was sero-negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Primary pancreatic tuberculosis masquerading as a pancreatic tumor leading to Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy. A case report and review of the literature.

A 45-year-old female presented with upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound and CECT both showed a mass in the pancreatic head and uncinate process suggestive of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. A Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy was carried out.

Mitochondrial myopathies-clinicopathological features and diagnostic modalities.

Mitochondrial myopathy is the term applied to a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous group of disorders which have multisystem involvement. The concept was introduced by Luft in 1962. These are due to genetic defects in the respiratory chain enzymes which are detected by histochemical, immunohistochemical stains, molecular biological studies and ultrastructural studies on muscle biopsy.

Thyrotoxic neuropathy- an under diagnosed condition.

Many neurological diseases like myopathy, periodic paralysis, ophthalmoplegia, and myasthenia gravis are known associations of thyrotoxicosis. However the association of neuropathy with thyrotoxicosis is not frequently recognized. First described by Charcot in 1889, thyrotoxic neuropathy or 'Basedow's Paraplegia' is a rarely reported entity.

Non-resolving liver abscess with Echinococcus cross-reactivity in a non-endemic region.

A 40-year-old woman presented with high fever with chills and rigors. Imaging studies revealed multiple liver abscesses with hepatosplenomegaly and gall-stones. Ultrasound-guided aspirate revealed pus that was negative on Gram and acid-fast staining and for amebic trophozoites.

N-hexane neuropathy in screen printers.

Background: To study the clinical and electrophysiological profile of n-hexane neuropathy in a tertiary care center of India.

Methods: Twenty five screen printers from five different factories, with peripheral neuropathy were included in the study. A detailed general physical, systemic and neurological examination was conducted Visual acuity, color vision and field charting was done in all the subjects.

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma--a case report.

Cerebellar liponeurocytomas have been included in the 2000 classification of tumours of the central nervous system, under the heading of glioneuronal tumours. The tumour has two populations of cells- one composed of cells with morphology of neurocytes and the other are lipidised cells which look like mature fat cells. The tumour occurs in adults and has a good prognosis.

Histological analysis of lesions of the pineal region: a retrospective study of 12 years.

Various types of tumors and non-tumor lesions arise in the pineal region. This study summarizes the experience the authors have gained with 54 lesions of the pineal region over the last 12 years. Histology was analyzed in all cases.

Recurrent tumefactive demyelination in a child.

A 13-year-old female presented with two episodes of hemiplegia and hemianopia involving opposite sides, each time associated with seizures. On both occasions, the magnetic resonance (MR) scan showed a giant demyelinating, peripherally enhancing lesion with mass effect. MR spectroscopy (MRS) was indistinguishable from a tumor.

Isolated vitamin E deficiency with demyelinating neuropathy.

A 22-year-old man, with a past history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures treated with phenobarbital, presented with spinocerebellar ataxia. The electrophysiological studies revealed a demyelinating motor-sensory neuropathy. The serum vitamin E level was low.

Beta-sarcoglycanopathy.

Sarcoglycanopathies are relatively rare progressive muscular dystrophies with autosomal recessive inheritance; which belong to the group of limb girdle muscular dystrophies. The phenotype resembles dystrophinopathies due to proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy. Reports from the Indian subcontinent are scarce.

Histological spectrum of ependymomas and correlation of p53 and Ki-67 expression with ependymoma grade and subtype.

Background: Clinical and histological criteria for ependymoma prognosis are well recognized. Recently few studies have been done based on Immunohistochemistry for prognostication of these tumours. In this study we have correlated the histological spectrum with immmunoexpression of p53 and Ki67 in these tumors.

IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with peripheral neuropathy.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and peripheral neuropathy may be causally linked. In most cases, the M-protein is of IgG or IgM type. Peripheral neuropathy associated with IgA MGUS is uncommon, and there are limited reports.

Gangliogliomas: A report of five cases.

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the Central Nervous System. Five gangliogliomas were diagnosed out of 1560 brain tumours surgically resected out in a period of 5 years accounting for 0. 32%.

Glioblastoma of the cerebellum. A report of 3 cases.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the commonest intra cranial tumors. Infratentorial GBM is, however, a rare entity. We report 3 cases of histologically proven posterior fossa GBM.

Lumbar spinal meningeal melanocytoma of the l3 nerve root with paraspinal extension: a case report.

Study Design: A case report of spinal meningeal melanocytoma with a dumbbell-shaped extension and its magnetic resonance imaging features is presented.

Objective: To present a rare spinal tumor with pathologic and radiologic features.

Summary Of Background Data: Meningeal melanocytomas are rare lesions usually found in the posterior fossa and upper cervical spine.

Simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioma in brain: report of two cases.

Two patients who presented with a simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioma are described. The authors describe their neuroradiological findings, best surgical treatment of this association, aspects of pathology and aetiology, along with a review of literature.

Suprasellar cystic meningioma: unusual presentation and review of the literature.

We report on a case of suprasellar cystic meningioma. The magnetic resonance imaging of this tumor resembled that of a craniopharyngioma. The definitive diagnosis of meningioma was made only after histopathological confirmation.

Histological analysis of cystic tumour like lesions of central nervous system.

True cysts of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare lesions. A retrospective study of patients with symptomatic non-neoplastic cystic lesions of CNS operated in the Department of Neurosurgery, G.B.