Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathophysiology of Retinal Vascular Disease-Interplay Between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Retinal vascular diseases encompass several retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vascular occlusion; these disorders are classified as similar groups of disorders due to impaired retinal vascularization. The aim of this review is to address the main signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases and to identify crucial molecules and the importance of their interactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is recognized as a crucial and central molecule in abnormal neovascularization and a key phenomenon in retinal vascular occlusion; thus, anti-VEGF therapy is now the most successful form of treatment for these disorders.

Nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the process of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Aim: To establish the role of nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG).

Methods: Our study included 120 patients who were referred for cataract surgery. All patients were divided into four groups according to clinical findings: XFG, early and late pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), and cataract (without pseudoexfoliation).

Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce XFG Development.

Purpose: To reveal the roles of proinflammatory cytokines within the process of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) production.

Methods: Our study included 120 patients referred to cataract surgery (early and late stage of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG), and control group). Serum and humor levels of cytokines were measured in a sample with high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Evaluation of central corneal thickness in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Aim: To determine correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and applanation intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal patients with primary open angle glaucoma and patients with ocular hypertension.

Methods: Two-year retrospective study designed to determine correlation between CCT and IOP. Records of 121 patients were included in the study.

Congenital blindness and visual impairment cause infection or non infection.

Conflict Of Interest: none declared.

Introduction: Authors are from reference documentation to archive at Organization of Federation of blind and visually impaired in central Serbia (Kragujevac), by retrograde analysis, of 2007-2012, comprehend two groups by etiology-clinical characteristics of congenital blindness and visually impaired, caused infection or non infection example.

Aim: to analyze relationship between infectious and non infectious of congenital blindness and visually impaired in our referent region and compare with world references.