Alpinetin Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in C57BL/6 Mice with Alcoholic Liver Disease Induced by the Lieber-DeCarli Ethanol Liquid Diet.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common non-communicable chronic liver disease characterized by a spectrum of conditions ranging from steatosis and alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (AH) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of ALD involves a complex interplay of various molecular, biochemical, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. While the mechanisms are well studied, therapeutic options remain limited.

Machine learning approaches to detect hepatocyte chromatin alterations from iron oxide nanoparticle exposure.

This study focuses on developing machine learning models to detect subtle alterations in hepatocyte chromatin organization due to Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticle exposure, hypothesizing that exposure will significantly alter chromatin texture. A total of 2000 hepatocyte nuclear regions of interest (ROIs) from mouse liver tissue were analyzed, and for each ROI, 5 different parameters were calculated: Long Run Emphasis, Short Run Emphasis, Run Length Nonuniformity, and 2 wavelet coefficient energies obtained after the discrete wavelet transform. These parameters served as input for supervised machine learning models, specifically random forest and gradient boosting classifiers.

The Role of Macrophage Inhibitory Factor in TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice: Modulatory Effects of Betaine.

Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent cytokine, involved in the inflammatory response to infections or injuries. This study investigates the role of MIF in liver fibrosis and the modulating effect of betaine on MIF in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The wild-type and knockout MIF-/- C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: control; Bet group, which received betaine; MIF-/-; MIF-/-+Bet; TAA group, which received TAA; TAA+Bet; MIF-/-+TAA; and MIF-/-+TAA+Bet group.

NMDA Receptor Antagonist Memantine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Aged Rats.

Aging is closely related to the main aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). The average age of the MS population is increasing and the number of elderly MS patients is expected to increase. In addition to neurons, -methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are also expressed on non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells.

Therapeutical Approach to Arterial Hypertension - Current State of the Art.

Arterial hypertension (AH) is recognized as the most common illness within the group of cardiovascular diseases and the most massive chronic non-infectious disease in the world. The number of hypertensive patients worldwide has reached 1.28 billion, contributing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases and premature death globally.

Betaine Modulating MIF-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Thioacetamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with chemokine properties released by various immune and non-immune cells. It contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the role of betaine in the modulation of MIF-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis during toxic kidney damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA).

Artificial intelligence approaches to the biochemistry of oxidative stress: Current state of the art.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models are today frequently used for classification and prediction of various biochemical processes and phenomena. In recent years, numerous research efforts have been focused on developing such models for assessment, categorization, and prediction of oxidative stress. Supervised machine learning can successfully automate the process of evaluation and quantification of oxidative damage in biological samples, as well as extract useful data from the abundance of experimental results.

Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Structural Organization of Hepatocyte Chromatin: Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix Analysis.

Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis is a contemporary and innovative computer-based algorithm that can be used for the quantification of subtle changes in a cellular structure. In this work, we use this method for the detection of discrete alterations in hepatocyte chromatin distribution after in vivo exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The study was performed on 40 male, healthy C57BL/6 mice divided into four groups: three experimental groups that received different doses of IONPs and 1 control group.

The Role of MIF in Hepatic Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Thioacetamide-induced Liver Injury in Mice: Protective Effects of Betaine.

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response to chemical liver injury. This cytokine exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the etiology and stage of liver disease.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the role of MIF in oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and modulatory effects of betaine on MIF in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatic damage in mice.

Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Liver Tissue and Ultrastructural Changes in Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of betaine on ultrastructural changes in the mouse liver with methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups: Control-fed with standard chow, BET-standard chow supplemented with betaine (1.

The Effect of CB1 Antagonism on Hepatic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Dysfunction of the endocannabinoid system (ES) has been identified in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic disorders. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression is largely dependent on nutritional status. Thus, individuals suffering from NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MS) have a significant increase in ES activity.

Iron-based nanoparticles and their potential toxicity: Focus on oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Recently, there have been several studies indicating that iron-based nanomaterials may exhibit certain toxic properties. Compared to conventional iron and iron oxides, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) have some unique physical and chemical traits which impact their absorption, biodistribution and elimination. Facilitated passage through biological barriers enables FeNPs to reach various tissues and cells, and interact with a variety of different compounds.

The effects of dietary methionine restriction on the function and metabolic reprogramming in the liver and brain - implications for longevity.

Methionine is an essential sulphur-containing amino acid involved in protein synthesis, regulation of protein function and methylation reactions. Dietary methionine restriction (0.12-0.

Betaine modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Akt/mTOR signaling in methionine-choline deficiency-induced fatty liver disease.

We examined the effects of betaine, an endogenous and dietary methyl donor essential for the methionine-homocysteine cycle, on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male C57BL/6 mice received standard chow (control), standard chow and betaine (1.5% w/v in drinking water), MCD, or MCD and betaine.

The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine concentration in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

In high-fat diet (HFD) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is an increase in the endocannabinoid system activity, which significantly contributes to steatosis development. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor type 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine content in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into a control group fed with a control diet for 20 weeks (C, n = 6) a group fed with a HFD for 20 weeks (HF, n = 6), a group fed with a control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R, n = 9), and a group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR, n = 10).

Gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis of chromatin architecture in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes.

Periportal hepatocytes (PPHs) and perivenous hepatocytes (PVHs) in standard optical microscopy appear to be morphologically identical. However, the functional properties of these two cell populations and their roles in liver lobules are not the same. Despite significant differences in gene expression between these two hepatocyte populations, it is still unclear whether the differences are present at the higher levels of chromatin organization.

The Effects of Betaine on the Nuclear Fractal Dimension, Chromatin Texture, and Proliferative Activity in Hepatocytes in Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The effects of betaine on hepatocytes chromatin architecture changes were examined by using fractal and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis in methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups: (1) Control: standard diet; (2) BET: standard diet and betaine supplementation through drinking water (solution 1.5%); (3) MCD group: MCD diet for 6 weeks; (4) MCD+BET: fed with MCD diet + betaine for 6 weeks.

Postnatal Developmental Changes in Fractal Complexity of Giemsa-Stained Chromatin in Mice Spleen Follicular Cells.

Although there are numerous recent works focusing on fractal properties of DNA and chromatin, many issues regarding changes in chromatin fractality during physiological aging remain unclear. In this study, we present results indicating that in mice, there is an age-related reduction of chromatin fractal complexity in a population of spleen follicular cells (SFCs). Spleen tissue was obtained from 16 mice and fixated in Carnoy solution.

The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on hepatic free fatty acid profile in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

We used rimonabant to investigate the role of CB1 receptor on hepatic FFAs profile during NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into: control group fed with control diet 20 weeks (C; n=6); group fed with HFD 20 weeks (HF; n=6); group fed with control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R; n=9); group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR; n=10). Rimonabant (10mg/kg) was administered daily to HFR and R group by oral gavage.

NIKOLA TESLA AND MEDICINE: 160TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE GENIUS WHO GAVE LIGHT TO THE WORLD - PART II.

Introduction: Nikola Tesla (1856- 1943) was a genius inventor and scientist, whose contribution to medicine is remarkable. Part I of this article reviewed special contributions of the world renowned scientist to the establishment of radiology as a new discipline in medicine. This paper deals with the use of Tesla currents in medicine.

NIKOLA TESLA AND MEDICINE: 160TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE GENIUS WHO GAVE LIGHT TO THE WORLD - PART I.

Introduction: The interest in Nikola Tesla, a scientist, physicist, engineer and inventor, is constantly growing. In the millennialong history of human civilization, it is almost impossible to find another person whose life and work has been under so much scrutiny of such a wide range of researchers, medical professionals included. Although Tesla was not primarily dedicated to biomedical research, his work significantly contributed to the development of radiology, and high frequency electrotherapy.

Age-related reduction of chromatin fractal dimension in toluidine blue - stained hepatocytes.

In this study, we proposed a hypothesis that chromatin of mouse hepatocytes exhibits age-related reduction of fractal dimension. This hypothesis was based on previously published works demonstrating that complexity of biological systems such as tissues, decreases during the process of physiological aging. Liver tissue was obtained from 24 male mice divided into 3 age groups: 10-days-old (young, juvenile), 210-days-old (adult) and 390-days-old.

Methionine-choline deprivation alters liver and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in C57BL6 mice.

Choline and methionine are precursors of acetylcholine, whose hydrolysis is catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Considering the possibility of their common deficiency, we investigated the influence of methionine-choline deprivation on AChE activity in liver and various brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum) in mice fed with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 28) were randomly and equally divided into following groups: control group fed with standard diet for 6 weeks (C) and groups fed with MCD diet for 2 weeks (MCD2), 4 weeks (MCD4) and for 6 weeks (MCD6).