Changes of Target Essential Trace Elements in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex, and demyelinating disease closely associated with altered levels of trace elements. Although the first studies into the role of trace elements in MS were published in the 1970s, for five decades it has remained unknown whether trace elements can be part of this heterogeneous neurological disease. (2) Materials and methods: To drive toward at a potential solution, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate whether there were differences in circulating levels of neurologically important essential trace elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, and Se) between MS cases and controls.

Natural extracts against agricultural pathogens: A case study of L.

Plant extracts and other plant products have been used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides or an additional way to reduce their use. The choice of plant extracts and their application depends on their functional characteristics, availability, cost-effectiveness, and their impact on phytopathogens, and also on the environment. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the potential of methanolic extracts as source of compounds with antifungal activity.

Comparative evaluation of various nasal shapes and angles in different vertical growth patterns - A Cephalometric Study.

Factors affecting the appearance of the nose and the size of the nasal angles are different. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the vertical developmental pattern on the nose appearance. Lateral cephalogram from 144 adult Caucasian subjects from the central Balkan were analyzed (72 male and 72 female), with orthognathic jaw relationship - class I and different types of divergence pattern.

Morphometric analysis of the sella turcica in subjects with different vertical growth patterns - a cephalometric study.

The objective of this study is the comparison of the size and shape of the sella turcica in subjects with different vertical patterns in the skeletal class I in adults, as well as to determine sex differences within examined groups. Lateral cephalograms were used to examine parametars: shape of sella, angulation, length, diameter, index of the depth and cross-sectional area of the sella turcica in 155 adult Caucasian subjects (79 male and 76 female) from the central Balkan area. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the ANB angle, Wit's appraisal and SN/GoGn angle into normodivergent (angle value between 26° and 38° in 28 male, 27 female subjects), hypodivergent (angle value less than 26° in 26 male, 25 female subjects) and hyperdivergent (angle value higher than 38° in 25 male, 24 female subjects).

Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography.

BACKGROUND The facial profile is determined by the facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) and dentoskeletal characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare male and female characteristics of FSTT in different orthodontic malocclusions using cephalometric radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty lateral cephalometric radiography-derived cephalograms of adult male (n=47) and female (n=73) orthodontic patients, aged between 16-22 years were classified according to their dentoskeletal relationships as Class I (n=30), Class II Division 1 (n=30), Class II Division 2 (n=30), Class III (n=30).

The Influence of Class II Division 2 Malocclusions on the Harmony of the Human Face Profile.

BACKGROUND Persons with class II division 2 malocclusion are characterized by a very specific dento-skeletal and soft-tissue profile (a profile in which a protruding nose and chin, retruding lips, concave and shortened lower third of the face, and gummy smile are dominant), which is the opposite of the currently modern profiles (convex profile of protruding lips and small chin). The aim of this research was to determine the differences in parameters of harmonies of facial profiles between persons with class II division 2 malocclusions and class I, and to establish the significance of those differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, 50 patients with class II division 2 malocclusions and 50 patients with class I were selected; profile photos were recorded and a photometric analysis was done: a type of profile according to Schwarz, the shape of a nose, the prominence of chin, biometrical field, the position of lips in relation to the tangent Sn-Pg, S-line (Steiner), E-line (Riketts) and a facial angle according to Arnett.

Characterization of pv. , Causal Agent of Citrus Blast of Mandarin in Montenegro.

Citrus blast caused by bacterium is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. Considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin () in Montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of , , and gene sequences. Gene sequences from a collection of 54 reference pathotype strains of from the Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database (PAMDB) was used to establish a genetic relationship with our isolates obtained from mandarin.