[Anatomical landmarks for peripheral neural blocks of the forearm and the wrist: A cadaveric study].

Background: There are no data ensuring a standardized landmark-based-technique for blocking sensitive nerves of the forearm.

Purpose: To identify locations were with use of good palpable bony landmarks and lines between them sensitive nerve blocks on the forearm can be done with great success.

Material And Methods: Dissection of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN), the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN), the lateral, medial and dorsal antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN, MACN, and DACN) as well as the palmar branch of the median nerve (PBMN) was performed on five upper limbs of five different Caucasian cadavers.

Altered cortical activation from the hand after facial botulinum toxin treatment.

Plastic interactions between face and hand cortical tactile circuits occur after severe injuries that affect the hand such as in amputation or spinal cord injury. However, whether loss of facial movements alters the cortical circuits involved in processing tactile inputs from the hand remains unknown. In this prospective observational study we used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure cortical activity evoked by tactile stimulation of the hands before and after botulinum toxin-A-induced facial paralysis.

Free latissimus dorsi flap with long venous grafts for closure of a soft tissue defect of the spine in a patient with Noonan's syndrome: a case report.

A 23-year-old male patient was operated for a soft tissue defect of the spine using a free musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap with two 21-cm long venous grafts connecting the flap to its vascular supply at the thoracodorsal vessels. This young patient suffered from Noonan's Syndrome that is a complex hereditary malformation syndrome with clinical features often leading to spinal deformities and gibbus development. The defect originated from a former internal vertebral fixation that was necessary for erective correction of such a spinal deformity.

Brachial plexus lesions: 10 years of experience in a center for microsurgery in Germany.

Aim: Brachial plexus lesions are commonly associated with complete or partial plegia of affected muscles even after microsurgical treatment. This study provides an overview of strategies and outcomes of 42 patients operated in a center for peripheral nerve surgery in Germany.

Methods: Postsurgically, the patients were followed up and examined for strength in various muscle groups by applying a standard clinical classification (M0-M5).

Cross-chest median nerve transfer: a new model for the evaluation of nerve regeneration across a 40 mm gap in the rat.

A new animal model for the study of nerve regeneration in rats across a 40 mm gap between both median nerves is described. For autologous grafting, the ulnar nerves were dissected and sutured together. From the left median nerve, they were transplanted across the chest to the right median nerve.