Brainstem transcriptomic changes in male Wistar rats after acute stress, comparing the use of duplex specific nuclease (DSN).

In this work, we have analyzed the transcriptomic changes in the brainstem of male Wistar rats 2 h after an acute stress exposure. We performed duplex-specific nuclease normalization of cDNA libraries and compared the results back-to-back for the first time. Based on our RNAseq data, we selected reference genes for RT-qPCR that are best suited for acute stress experiments.

Metastasis prevention: How to catch metastatic seeds.

Despite considerable advances in the evolution of anticancer therapies, metastasis still remains the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, current strategies for cancer cure should be redirected towards prevention of metastasis. Targeting metastatic pathways represents a promising therapeutic opportunity aimed at obstructing tumor cell dissemination and metastatic colonization.

Spatial Profile of Tumor Microenvironment in PD-L1-Negative and PD-L1-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

The problem of finding more precise stratification criteria for identifying the cohort of patients who would obtain the maximum benefit from immunotherapy is acute in modern times. In our study were enrolled 18 triple-negative breast cancer patients. The Ventana SP142 test was used for PD-L1 detection.

Heterogeneity of Circulating Epithelial Cells in Breast Cancer at Single-Cell Resolution: Identifying Tumor and Hybrid Cells.

Circulating tumor cells and hybrid cells formed by the fusion of tumor cells with normal cells are leading players in metastasis and have prognostic relevance. This study applies single-cell RNA sequencing to profile CD45-negative and CD45-positive circulating epithelial cells (CECs) in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients. CECs are represented by transcriptionally-distinct populations that include both aneuploid and diploid cells.

Premalignant Changes in the Bronchial Epithelium Are Prognostic Factors of Distant Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: The study assessed the possibility of dividing patients into groups based on the assessment of morphological changes in the epithelium of small-caliber bronchi located near the primary tumor in order to predict high and low risks of distant metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: In 171 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (TNM) in small-caliber bronchi taken at a distance of 3-5 cm from the tumor, various variants of morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium (basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous cell metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia (D)) were assessed. Long-term results of treatment, namely, distant metastasis, were assessed after 2 and 5 years.

Prognosis of Different Types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression: Current State and Perspectives.

Despite advances in diagnostics and therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the problem of prognosis and prevention of tumor progression is still highly important. Even if NSCLC is diagnosed in the early stages, almost a quarter of patients develop relapse; most of them die from recurrent disease. A large number of different markers have been proposed to predict the risk of NSCLC progression; however, none of them are used in clinical practice.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with intraoperative radiotherapy is effective to prevent recurrence in high-risk non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Background: Basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and squamous metaplasia (SM) in the small bronchi distant from the tumor is associated with a high risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence. Here, we assessed whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is effective to prevent recurrence in NSCLC patients (n=171) with different premalignant lesions in the small bronchi.

Methods: BCH, SM, and dysplasia (D) were identified in the samples of lung tissue distant from the tumor.

The Activity of KIF14, Mieap, and EZR in a New Type of the Invasive Component, Torpedo-Like Structures, Predetermines the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer.

Intratumor morphological heterogeneity reflects patterns of invasive growth and is an indicator of the metastatic potential of breast cancer. In this study, we used this heterogeneity to identify molecules associated with breast cancer invasion and metastasis. The gene expression microarray data were used to identify genes differentially expressed between solid, trabecular, and other morphological arrangements of tumor cells.

Markers of Cancer Cell Invasion: Are They Good Enough?

Invasion, or directed migration of tumor cells into adjacent tissues, is one of the hallmarks of cancer and the first step towards metastasis. Penetrating to adjacent tissues, tumor cells form the so-called invasive front/edge. The cellular plasticity afforded by different kinds of phenotypic transitions (epithelial-mesenchymal, collective-amoeboid, mesenchymal-amoeboid, and ) significantly contributes to the diversity of cancer cell invasion patterns and mechanisms.

Gene Expression Profiling Revealed 2 Types of Bronchial Basal Cell Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia With Different Progression Potentials.

The premalignant process preceding squamous cell lung cancer is not inevitable; it can stop at any of the bronchial lesions: basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia and then progress or regress. At present, the mechanisms underlying the progression of the bronchial lesions remain undefined. Previously, we hypothesized that bronchial lesions that presented individually or combined with each other in the bronchi of lung cancer patients mirror the different "scenarios" of the premalignant process: individual BCH-the stoppage at the stage of hyperplasia, BCH plus SM-the progression of hyperplasia to metaplasia, and SM plus dysplasia-the progression of metaplasia to dysplasia.

Clinically relevant morphological structures in breast cancer represent transcriptionally distinct tumor cell populations with varied degrees of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and CD44CD24 stemness.

Intratumor morphological heterogeneity in breast cancer is represented by different morphological structures (tubular, alveolar, solid, trabecular, and discrete) and contributes to poor prognosis; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we performed 3D imaging, laser microdissection-assisted array comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression microarray analysis of different morphological structures and examined their association with the standard immunohistochemistry scorings and CD44CD24 cancer stem cells. We found that the intratumor morphological heterogeneity is not associated with chromosomal aberrations.

Intratumoral heterogeneity of macrophages and fibroblasts in breast cancer is associated with the morphological diversity of tumor cells and contributes to lymph node metastasis.

Recent studies have highlighted the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (ME) and the importance of its analysis to the understanding of its impact on clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to analyze the intratumoral distribution of macrophages and fibroblasts in breast cancer (BC) based on the morphological diversity of tumor cells (tubular, alveolar, solid, trabecular and discrete structures) and the clinicopathological parameters of the disease. Thirty-six patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type were included in the study.

Recurrence of squamous cell lung carcinoma is associated with the co-presence of reactive lesions in tumor-adjacent bronchial epithelium.

Recurrences occur in 30 % of lung cancer patients after radical therapy; however, known prognostic factors are not always effective. In this study, we investigated whether the frequency of squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence depends on the presence of reactive lesions in tumor-adjacent bronchial epithelium. Specimens of adjacent lung tissue from 104 patients with squamous NSCLC were used for the determination of basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and squamous metaplasia (SM) and for the analysis of the expression of Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, and CD138.

Intratumoral morphological heterogeneity of breast cancer: neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficiency and multidrug resistance gene expression.

In this study, the influence of intratumoral morphological heterogeneity of breast cancer on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficiency was investigated. In particular, we analysed the association of NAC response and pre- and post-NAC expression of the main multidrug resistance (MDR) genes--ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC5, ABCG1, and ABCG2, with the presence of different morphological structures in breast tumors. In addition, the expression of MDR genes was investigated in different morphological structures and in their microenvironment by comparing probes obtained using laser microdissection.

Phenotypic drift as a cause for intratumoral morphological heterogeneity of invasive ductal breast carcinoma not otherwise specified.

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) not otherwise specified (NOS), the most common type of breast cancer, demonstrates great intratumoral morphological heterogeneity, which encompasses the presence of different types of morphological structures-tubular, trabecular, solid, and alveolar structures and discrete groups of tumor cells, the origins of which remain unclear at present. In this study of 162 IDC NOS patients, we investigated whether the distribution of different types of morphological structures is related to the basic clinicopathological parameters of IDC NOS. Our results showed that in patients with only one type of tumor structure, the presence of any one of the five types was equally probable; however, cases with two types of structures were more likely to contain trabecular structures than the other four types.