Spatial and temporal modeling of the global burden of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil: A 21-year ecological study.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Brazil. Morbidity and disabilities caused by CL lesions require an analysis of a Global Burden of Disease (GBD), which would help discern the impact on the Brazilian population. Herein, we assess the burden of CL and its spatial and temporal patterns in Brazil between 2001 and 2021.

Dual-task training is as effective as functional training on the functional fitness of older women: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The interest in approaches that improve older individuals' functional fitness and autonomy is increasing. However, the effects of dual-task training on older women's functional fitness and the comparison with the functional training approach are unclear. Therefore, we compared dual-task and functional training on the functional fitness of older women and the effects of three months of detraining.

The increase in SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020-2022 in a state in the Brazilian Northeast is associated with a number of cases.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a high number of deaths in several countries. In Brazil, there were 37 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 700,000 deaths caused by the disease. The population size and heterogeneity of the Brazilian population should be considered in epidemiological surveillance due to the varied tropism of the virus.

Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Patients Has a Distinct Innate Immune Phenotype.

Obesity alters the capacity of effective immune responses in infections. To further address this phenomenon in the context of COVID-19, this study investigated how the immunophenotype of leukocytes was altered in individuals with obesity in severe COVID-19. This cross-sectional study enrolled 27 ICU COVID-19 patients (67% women, 56.

Levels of inflammatory markers are differentially expressed in sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait.

Although sickle cell anemia (SCA) is related to inflammation, the profile of inflammatory markers in sickle cell trait (SCT) is poorly studied. This is a cross-sectional study of inflammatory biomarkers carried out involving adults with SCA in steady state, SCT and controls. The SCA group had higher levels of lactato dehydrogenase, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha than the others, while the SCT group had similar levels to control group.

sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels are associated with the clinical outcome of leprosy patients.

Leprosy reaction (LR) and physical disability (PD) are the most significant clinical complications of leprosy. Herein, we assessed the circulating serum-sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels and their genetic polymorphisms in leprosy. Serum-sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels were measured in leprosy patients (LP) before treatment ( = 51) and from their household contacts (HHCs; = 25).

A single-set functional training program increases muscle power, improves functional fitness, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial.

Aging can be associated with reduced muscle power, functional decline, and increased plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Functional training (FT) can improve muscle power, functional fitness and reduce plasma cytokines. However, the functional training optimal volume required to produce these adaptations must be clarified.

Effects of twenty-eight months of detraining imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the functional fitness of older women experienced in concurrent and functional training.

Purpose: To assess the impacts of 28 months of detraining imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the functional fitness of older women practicing functional or concurrent training.

Material And Methods: A clinical trial was conducted with 16 weeks of intervention and 28 months of detraining imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ninety-five participants were allocated to functional training (FT - 32), concurrent training (CT - 31), or the control group (CG - 32).

Bodyweight and Combined Training Reduce Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Improve Functional Fitness of Postmenopausal Women.

Exercise is an important tool against the deleterious effects of aging. Among the possibilities of exercise, bodyweight training (BWT) has been highlighted in the last years as a safe option to improve the health of older people. We compared the effects of 24 weeks of BWT and combined training (CT) on low-grade systematic inflammation and functional fitness in postmenopausal women.

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and other inflammatory mediators in malaria by Plasmodium vivax during enteroparasites coinfection.

Malaria is a major health issue with more than 200 million cases occurring annually. Moreover, in Malaria endemic area are frequently observed Malaria-enteroparasite co-infections associated with the modulation of inflammatory response. In this aspect, biomarkers play an important role in the disease prognosis.

TREM-1 Expression on the Surface of Neutrophils in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Associated With Immunopathogenesis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic chronic and potentially fatal disease for humans. Mechanisms related to the dysregulation of the inflammatory response may be involved in both the pathogenesis and prognosis of VL. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) is a receptor constitutively expressed on neutrophils and monocyte subsets.

Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.

Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) has emerged as an important inflammatory marker of immune response associated with severity and mortality outcomes in infection diseases, including viral pneumonias.

Aim: (1) To evaluate the expression of TREM-1 in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias compared to healthy individuals; and (2) to analyze the levels of these biomarkers according to disease severity.

Materials And Methods: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.

Magnitude of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast region of Brazil: a retrospective, spatiotemporal model (2010-2018).

The Northeast region of Brazil (NRB) includes the states with the highest prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), as well as those with significant increases in HIV cases. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of VL-HIV coinfection and its association with the social determinants of health (SDH) in the NRB. Time trend analysis and Bayesian spatial statistical inferences, Moran's autocorrelation, and retrospective space-time scanning were performed.

Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19: Potential role of RAGE, HMGB1, GFAP and COX-2 in disease severity.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the abnormal induction of cytokines and a dysregulated hyperinflammatory state that is implicated in disease severity and risk of death. There are several molecules present in blood associated with immune cellular response, inflammation, and oxidative stress that could be used as severity markers in respiratory viral infections such as COVID-19. However, there is a lack of clinical studies evaluating the role of oxidative stress-related molecules including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Antimony resistance associated with persistence of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection in macrophages.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe disease caused by protozoan parasites that include Leishmania (L.) infantum. The disease is established when parasites subvert the immune response of the host.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the poorest region of Brazil: results from a population-based study.

Population-based seroprevalence studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low- and middle-income countries are lacking. We investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil, using rapid IgM-IgG antibody test and fluorescence immunoassay. The seroprevalence was 9.

Basic sanitation: a new indicator for the spread of COVID-19?

Background: Basic sanitation could be a potential indicator of the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and, in this context, space-time patterns are important tools with which to elucidate the spread of disease and identify risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess a possible association between basic sanitation indices and COVID-19 rates in all the 5570 municipalities of Brazil and its spatial distribution.

Methods: Data of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil from 28 February until 31 May 2020 and independent variables associated with basic sanitation were included.

Space-time risk cluster of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian endemic region with high social vulnerability: An ecological time series study.

Background: Despite visceral leishmaniasis (VL) being epidemic in most Brazilian regions, the Northeast region is responsible for the highest morbidity and mortality outcomes within the country.

Objective: To analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of VL cases to identify the temporal trends and high-risk areas for VL transmission, as well as the association of the disease with social vulnerability in Brazilian Northeast.

Methods: We carried out an ecological time series study employing spatial analysis techniques using all VL confirmed cases of 1,794 municipalities of Brazilian Northeast between the years 2000 to 2017.

Spatial and spatiotemporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic North-eastern region of Brazil.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease with increasing incidence in Brazil, particularly in the North-eastern. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial and spatiotemporal dynamics of VL in an endemic region of North-eastern Brazil, between 2009 and 2017. Using spatial analysis techniques, an ecological and time series study was made regarding VL cases in Sergipe filed as notifiable disease events.