Congenital orbital teratoma: a rare case with intracranial extension.

Introduction: Teratoma is the most common congenital tumor, but the orbital location is rare. It is composed of tissues from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Clinical Presentation: Congenital orbital teratoma commonly presents as unilateral proptosis, with rapid growth, leading to exposure keratopathy.

Intracranial Tumors in the First Year of Life.

Intracranial tumors in the first year of life are rare and, in this age group, are the second most common type of pediatric cancer after leukemias. As the more common solid tumor in neonates and infants, they present some peculiarities such as the high incidence of malignancies. Routine ultrasonography made easier to detect intrauterine tumors, but diagnosis can be delayed due to the lack or scarcity of recognizable symptoms.

Identifying abusive head trauma and its mimics: diagnostic nuances.

Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most serious injury inflicted to the nervous system of neonate an infant with a high incidence of disabilities. The authors present two cases in which the initial manifestations and neurologic status were misinterpreted and stress that clinical presentation and imaging can be variable and confuse the examiner.

Discussion: Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in this age group raises high suspicion of non-accidental trauma but have been reported in other situations such as several bleeding disorders.

Hydrocephalus and occipital encephaloceles: presentation of a series and review of the literature.

Introduction: Encephaloceles are rare congenital malformations of the central nervous system in which brain tissue is extruded from a defect in the skull. Hydrocephalus can occur in 60 to 90% of patients with posterior encephaloceles when compared to other types of this malformation. This article aims to present a series of posterior encephaloceles and its association with hydrocephalus as well as promote a review of the pertinent literature.

Reviewing the prognostic factors in myelomeningocele.

Objective: The goal of this study was to analyze the factors that have an impact on morbidity and mortality in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze factors associated with MMC that influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Data were collected from medical records of children who underwent the primary repair of MMC at the Fernandes Figueira Institute-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IFF-Fiocruz) between January 1995 and January 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results and limits of posterior cranial vault expansion by osteotomy and internal distractors.

Background: Expanding the posterior cranial vault has become a common procedure in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis. Several techniques are available to remodel the posterior vault. Aim of this study was to analyze the posterior vault distraction osteogenesis.