Association between preoperative fasting time and clinical outcomes in surgical patients in a private general hospital.

Purpose: Surgical patients are routinely subjected to long periods of fasting, a practice that can exacerbate the metabolic response to trauma and impair postoperative recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative fasting time and clinical outcomes in surgical patients.

Methods: An observational, prospective study with a non-probabilistic sample that included patients of both sexes, aged over 18, undergoing elective surgeries.

Pedometer- and accelerometer- based physical activity interventions in Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Although accelerometer- and pedometer-based physical activity (PA) interventions can increase PA, there is no solid evidence for their benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was to determine the effects of accelerometer- and pedometer-based PA interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, weight, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, and PA in adults with T2DM.

Data Synthesis: Records from MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and Scopus were searched from inception through March 28th, 2022.

Prolonged hospitalization and 1-year mortality are associated with sarcopenia and malnutrition in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: To assess the relationship of the presence of sarcopenia and malnutrition with unfavorable clinical outcomes: prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), readmission, and one-year mortality in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Were included 319 patients with ≥ 60 years of age with T2D hospitalized at a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength (HGS), calf circumference (CC), and the timed up and go (TUG) walking test, and malnutrition according to the subjective global assessment (SGA) and the mini nutritional assessment long form (MNA-LF).

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM.

Content: A systematic search was conducted of the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cinahl, Food Science, and FSTA databases. Two reviewers independently extracted article data and assessed quality.

Efficacy of single-dose cholecalciferol in the blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hypovitaminoses D.

Observational and experimental data reinforce the concept that vitamin D is associated with the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. We investigated the effect of a single dose of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol, in office blood pressure (BP), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypovitaminosis D. Forty-three patients were randomized to a placebo or cholecalciferol group.

Predictive equations for evaluation for resting energy expenditure in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes: what can we use?

Background: Evaluation of the resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential to ensure an appropriate dietary prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this record was to evaluate the accuracy of predictive equations for REE estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes, considering indirect calorimetry (IC) as the reference method.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in outpatients with type 2 diabetes.

Difference in sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors according to 2010 and 2018 European consensus (EWGSOP) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2018 (EWGSOP2) European consensus.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Elderly outpatients ≥60 years with type 2 DM and able to walk were recruited at the DM ambulatory care center of a public hospital in Porto Alegre from 2017 to 2018.

Basal metabolic rate in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison between measured and estimated values.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate which of the seven selected predictive equation for estimating basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the best alternative to indirect calorimetry (IC) and to evaluate the dietary energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this diagnostic test study. Clinical and laboratorial variables were evaluated as well as body composition by absorptiometry dual X-ray emission (DXA) and BMR measured by IC and estimated by prediction equations.

Food intake of women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in accordance with two methods of dietary guidance: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the food intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to two methods of dietary guidance. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted by appointment with a nutritionist and by using data from hospital records (2011-2014). The study population comprised adult women diagnosed with GDM treated in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Association of plasma vitamin D status with lifestyle patterns and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Aims: To evaluate nutritional and metabolic parameters associated with vitamin D status and blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes and hypertensive patients.

Methods: BP evaluated by office and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Physical activity was evaluated by daily step count, body composition by DXA, and diet by a food frequency questionnaire.

Low Levels of Usual Physical Activity Are Associated with Higher 24 h Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between usual physical activity and 24 h blood pressure (BP) profile in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a cross-sectional study of 151 participants with type 2 DM. Usual physical activity was assessed by step counting and self-reported questionnaire.

Plasma glucose and insulin responses after consumption of breakfasts with different sources of soluble fiber in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized crossover clinical trial.

The amount and quality of carbohydrates are important determinants of plasma glucose after meals. Regarding fiber content, it is unclear whether the intake of soluble fibers from foods or supplements has an equally beneficial effect on lowering postprandial glucose. The aim of our study was to compare the acute effect of soluble fiber intake from foods or supplements after a common meal on postprandial plasma glucose and plasma insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Effects of individual micronutrients on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

To investigate the effects of micronutrients on blood pressure (BP) in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the effects of individual micronutrients on BP in patients with type 2 diabetes were searched in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials.gov databases through April 2016. From the 28,164 studies, 11 RCTs (13 interventions, 723 patients, 54% males) with 3 to 52 weeks of follow-up were classified according to the type of micronutrient intervention: sodium (n = 1), vitamin C (n = 2), vitamin D (n = 7), and magnesium (n = 1).

Effects of the DASH Diet and Walking on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Data on the potential beneficial effects of combining diet and exercise on blood pressure (BP) are still scarce. A 4-week randomized controlled clinical trial was undertaken in 40 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in office and daytime ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Patients were assigned to follow a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet associated with advice to increase walking using a pedometer (intervention group) or a diet based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations (control group).

Increased protein intake is associated with uncontrolled blood pressure by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To analyze possible associations of dietary components, especially protein intake, with blood pressure (BP) during ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BP of outpatients with type 2 diabetes was evaluated by 24-hour ABPM (Spacelabs 90207) and usual diet by 3-day weighed diet records. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their daytime ABPM: uncontrolled BP (systolic BP ≥ 135 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg) and controlled BP (systolic BP < 135 mmHg and diastolic BP < 85 mmHg).

[Determinant factors associated with weight loss in adults on diet interventions].

Objective: To analyze the determinants for weight loss (> 5%) resulting from outpatient individual appointments.

Subjects And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conduct in 318 overweight/obese patients seeking individual care to lose weight.

Results: Fifteen percent of the patients did not lose weight; 35.

The role of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet food groups in blood pressure in type 2 diabetes.

The role of each Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet component in blood pressure (BP) of patients with diabetes is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible associations of the recommended food groups of the DASH diet eating plan with BP values in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present cross-sectional study, 225 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 61·1 (SD 10·4) years; diabetes duration 13·1 (SD 9·1) years; males 48·4 %; BMI 28·5 (SD 4·3) kg/m(2); HbA1c 7·1 (SD 1·3) %; systolic BP 136·7 (SD 20·0) mmHg; diastolic BP 78·4 (SD 11·8) mmHg) without dietary counselling during the previous 6 months had their dietary intake assessed by 3 d weighed-diet records.

Long-term effect of a chicken-based diet versus enalapril on albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.

Objective: In short-term studies, the replacement of red meat in the diet with chicken reduced the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and improved lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. The present study sought to assess these effects over a long-term period, comparing the effects of a chicken-based diet (CD) versus enalapril on renal function and lipid profile in microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients.

Design: This was a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial with a follow-up of 1 year.