Author Correction: Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals.

In the version of this Article originally published the location of Punta Arenas was incorrect and should have read 'Chile' in Figures 3-5 and in the Supplementary Information. This has been corrected in all versions of the Article.

Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals.

Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propulsion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved.

The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems.

The origins of neural systems remain unresolved. In contrast to other basal metazoans, ctenophores (comb jellies) have both complex nervous and mesoderm-derived muscular systems. These holoplanktonic predators also have sophisticated ciliated locomotion, behaviour and distinct development.

Single-cell semiconductor sequencing.

RNA-seq or transcriptome analysis of individual cells and small-cell populations is essential for virtually any biomedical field. It is especially critical for developmental, aging, and cancer biology as well as neuroscience where the enormous heterogeneity of cells present a significant methodological and conceptual challenge. Here we present two methods that allow for fast and cost-efficient transcriptome sequencing from ultra-small amounts of tissue or even from individual cells using semiconductor sequencing technology (Ion Torrent, Life Technologies).

The 2M6 antigen is a Müller cell-specific intracellular membrane-associated protein of the sarcolemmal-membrane-associated protein family and is also TopAP.

Purpose: The differentiation marker 2M6 has been used to identify Müller cells within the developing chick retina for several years, although the molecular identity of 2M6 was not known. This study was aimed at determining the identity of the protein antigen recognized by the 2M6 monoclonal antibody.

Methods: Affinity chromatography and subsequent mass spectrometry were used to determine the molecular identity of the 2M6 antigen.

Carbonic anhydrase XIV identified as the membrane CA in mouse retina: strong expression in Müller cells and the RPE.

The presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in the neural retina has been known for several decades. CA-II, a soluble cytoplasmic isoform expressed by Müller cells and a subset of amacrine cells, was thought to be the sole source of CA activity in the neural retina. However, CA-II deficient mice retain CA activity in the neural retina, which implies that another isoform must be present in that tissue.

Developmental analyses of 5A11/Basigin, 5A11/Basigin-2 and their putative binding partner MCT1 in the mouse eye.

Recent reports by this laboratory and others have demonstrated an association between 5A11/Basigin, a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1), a lactose transporter. Indeed, it was determined in the 5A11/Basigin null mouse retina that MCT1 does not properly integrate into the cell membranes of Müller cells (MCs) or the retinal-pigmented epithelium, where the two are colocalized. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association of 5A11/Basigin and MCT1 in the developing mouse retina.

Retina-specific expression of 5A11/Basigin-2, a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.

Purpose: 5A11/Basigin has recently been identified as a critical glycoprotein for full maturity and function of the mouse retina. However, the biological function of 5A11/Basigin has yet to be determined. Previous reports indicate the presence of multiple 5A11/Basigin polypeptides within the retina.

Inactivation of the Basigin gene impairs normal retinal development and maturation.

5A11/Basigin is an immunoglobulin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of Müller cells, the apical and basal surfaces of the retinal pigmented epithelium, and photoreceptor cell bodies and their inner segments. Disruption of the 5A11/Basigin gene in the mouse results in photoreceptor degeneration and a corresponding decrease in electroretinogram amplitudes in mature mice. The purpose of this study was to examine the electrophysiology of the 5A11/Basigin null mouse retina at earlier ages than previously examined.