Different vulnerability of fast and slow cortical oscillations to suppressive effect of spreading depolarization: state-dependent features potentially relevant to pathogenesis of migraine aura.

Background: Spreading depolarization (SD), underlying mechanism of migraine aura and potential activator of pain pathways, is known to elicit transient local silencing cortical activity. Sweeping across the cortex, the electrocorticographic depression is supposed to underlie spreading negative symptoms of migraine aura. Main information about the suppressive effect of SD on cortical oscillations was obtained in anesthetized animals while ictal recordings in conscious patients failed to detect EEG depression during migraine aura.

Intracortical functional connectivity dynamics induced by reflex seizures.

Functional connectivity analysis is gaining more interest due to its promising clinical applications. To study network mechanisms underlying seizure termination and postictal depression, we explore dynamics of interhemispheric functional connectivity near the offset of focal and bilateral seizures in the experimental model of reflex audiogenic epilepsy. In the model, seizures and spreading depression are induced by sound stimulation of genetically predisposed rodents.

Ru Catalysts Supported on Bamboo-like N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes: Activity and Stability in Oxidizing and Reducing Environment.

The catalysts with platinum-group metals on nanostructured carbons have been a very active field of research, but the studies were mainly limited to Pt and Pd. Here, Ru catalysts based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized; Ru loading was kept constant (3 wt.%), while the degree of N-doping was varied (from 0 to 4.

Region-Specific Vulnerability of the Amygdala to Injury-Induced Spreading Depolarization.

Spreading depolarization (SD), a self-propagated wave of transient depolarization, regularly occurs in the cortex after acute brain insults and is now referred as an important diagnostic and therapeutic target in patients with acute brain injury. Here, we show that the amygdala, the limbic structure responsible for post-injury neuropsychological symptoms, exhibits strong regional heterogeneity in vulnerability to SD with high susceptibility of its basolateral (BLA) region and resilience of its centromedial (CMA) region to triggering SD by acute focal damage. The BLA micro-injury elicited SD twice as often compared with identical injury of the CMA region (71% vs.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Septal Area Can Modulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats under Urethane Anesthesia.

We studied the effects of stimulation of the medial septal area on the gene expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Rats under urethane anesthesia were implanted with a recording electrode in the right hippocampus and stimulating electrode in the dorsal medial septum (dMS) or medial septal nucleus (MSN). After one-hour-long deep brain stimulation, we collected ipsi- and contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi.

Transient loss of interhemispheric functional connectivity following unilateral cortical spreading depression in awake rats.

Objective: Growing evidence shows a critical role of network disturbances in the pathogenesis of migraine. Unilateral pattern of neurological symptoms of aura suggests disruption of interhemispheric interactions during the early phase of a migraine attack. Using local field potentials data from the visual and motor cortices, this study explored effects of unilateral cortical spreading depression, the likely pathophysiological mechanism of migraine aura, on interhemispheric functional connectivity in freely behaving rats.

One-pot synthesis of sorbitol via hydrolysis-hydrogenation of cellulose in the presence of Ru-containing composites.

The aim of this work was to study the one-pot synthesis of sorbitol via hydrolysis-hydrogenation of cellulose in the presence of Ru-containing composites based on HPWO supported on ZrO and NbO (Ru-PW/ZrO and Ru-PW/NbO). The main parameters impacted the reaction rate and yield of sorbitol, i.e.

One-pot synthesis of formic acid hydrolysis-oxidation of potato starch in the presence of cesium salts of heteropoly acid catalysts.

Solid bifunctional catalysts based on cesium salts of V-containing heteropoly acids (CsHPA: CsHPWVO, CsHSiWVO, CsHPMoVO) and CsHPMoO were used for studying one-pot hydrolysis-oxidation of potato starch to formic acid at 413-443 K and 2 MPa air mixture. It was shown that the optimum process temperature that prevents formic acid from destruction is 423 K. The studies were focused on the influence of the composition of heteropoly anions on the yield and selectivity of formic acid.

Cholinergic Deficit Induced by Central Administration of 192IgG-Saporin Is Associated With Activation of Microglia and Cell Loss in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Rats.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Administration of the immunotoxin 192IgG-saporin to rats, an animal model of AD, leads to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the medial septal area. In the present study, cholinergic cell death was induced by intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin.

Modeling spike-wave discharges by a complex network of neuronal oscillators.

Purpose: The organization of neural networks and the mechanisms, which generate the highly stereotypical for absence epilepsy spike-wave discharges (SWDs) is heavily debated. Here we describe such a model which can both reproduce the characteristics of SWDs and dynamics of coupling between brain regions, relying mainly on properties of hierarchically organized networks of a large number of neuronal oscillators.

Model: We used a two level mesoscale model.

Cellulose Biorefinery Based on a Combined Catalytic and Biotechnological Approach for Production of 5-HMF and Ethanol.

In this study, a combination of catalytic and biotechnological processes was proposed for the first time for application in a cellulose biorefinery for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and bioethanol. Hydrolytic dehydration of the mechanically activated microcrystalline cellulose over a carbon-based mesoporous Sibunt-4 catalyst resulted in moderate yields of glucose and 5-HMF (21.1-25.