Inflammatory biomarkers in workers exposed to silica dust: integrative review.

Introduction: Silicosis is a severe, progressive, fibrosing lung disease caused by the inhalation of free crystalline silica dust; it is the most prevalent pneumoconiosis worldwide. It is associated with a chronic inflammatory process triggered by silica particles in the pulmonary alveoli. Alveolar macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of silicosis, with additional contributions from polymorphonuclear cells, epithelial cells, and the release of inflammatory mediators.

Differential regulation of lung homeostasis and silicosis by the TAM receptors MerTk and Axl.

Introduction: TAM receptor-mediated efferocytosis plays an important function in immune regulation and may contribute to antigen tolerance in the lungs, a site with continuous cellular turnover and generation of apoptotic cells. Some studies have identified failures in efferocytosis as a common driver of inflammation and tissue destruction in lung diseases. Our study is the first to characterize the function of the TAM receptors, Axl and MerTk, in the innate immune cell compartment, cytokine and chemokine production, as well as the alveolar macrophage (AM) phenotype in different settings in the airways and lung parenchyma.

Insular and prelimbic cortices control behavioral accuracy and precision in a temporal decision-making task in rats.

The anterior insular cortex (AIC) comprises a region of sensory integration. It appears to detect salient events in order to guide goal-directed behavior, code tracking errors, and estimate the passage of time. Temporal processing in the AIC may be instantiated by the integration of representations of interoception.

Effect of Diet Supplementation with Oat Hay and Whole Carrot on Rabbit Growth and Productive Efficiency.

Is it possible to reduce feeding costs in rabbit meat production without compromising rabbit health and productive yield? The study tested four feeding strategies: Control group (CC) fed exclusively with concentrate feed; group CT supplemented with whole carrot; group OH supplemented with oat hay; and Group CO supplemented with oat hay and whole carrot. Each feeding strategy was tested in 20 rabbits, randomly allocated in five cages with four rabbits each. The average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the amount of concentrated feed consumed daily were estimated in all experimental groups.

Computed tomographic laryngotracheal dimensions in adult domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are positively associated with body weight and the laryngotracheal lumen is narrowest at the level of the thyroid cartilage.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to measure rabbit laryngotracheal dimensions at different locations on computed tomography (CT), assess the relationship of these measurements with rabbit body weight, determine the most common narrowest measurement and assess its relationship with endotracheal tube (ETT) size and body weight.

Animals: 66 adult domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of different breeds and body weights.

Procedures: CT laryngotracheal luminal height, width, and cross-sectional area measurements were made at the rostral thyroid cartilage at the level of the arytenoids, caudal thyroid cartilage/rostral cricoid cartilage, caudal cricoid cartilage/cranial trachea, and trachea at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra.

[Data processing of the Brazilian National System of Controlled Product Management for drug utilization research with antimicrobials].

The Brazilian National System of Controlled Product Management (SNGPC) stores data on the dispensing of manufactured and compounded drugs and pharmaceutical inputs, whether controlled and antimicrobial, based on the records of private pharmacies and drugstores. This study assessed the quality of SNGPC data from the dispensing records of manufactured antibiotics, aiming to propose their use in drug utilization researchs (DURs), with a descriptive and retrospective design, analyzing the raw dataset of the SNGPC from January 2014 to December 2020. A total of 475,805,207 drug-dispensing records were collected.

Toward Sourdough Microbiome Data: A Review of Science and Patents.

Technological prospecting was performed on documents related to sourdough microbiota using SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Espacenet and Patent Inspiration databases. Scientific articles and patents were analyzed based on three different perspectives: macro (year of publication, country, and institutions), meso (categorization as different taxonomies according to the subject evaluated), and micro (in-depth analysis of the main taxonomies, gathering the documents in subcategories). The main subject addressed in patents was the starter and product preparation, while 58.

Biotransformation of Phytosterols into Androstenedione-A Technological Prospecting Study.

Androstenedione (AD) is a key intermediate in the body's steroid metabolism, used as a precursor for several steroid substances, such as testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, testolactone, progesterone, cortisone, cortisol, prednisone, and prednisolone. The world market for AD and ADD (androstadienedione) exceeds 1000 tons per year, which stimulates the pharmaceutical industry's search for newer and cheaper raw materials to produce steroidal compounds. In light of this interest, we aimed to investigate the progress of AD biosynthesis from phytosterols by prospecting scientific articles (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases) and patents (USPTO database).

Remote contextual fear retrieval engages activity from salience network regions in rats.

The ability to retrieve contextual fear memories depends on the coordinated activation of a brain-wide circuitry. Transition from recent to remote memories seems to involve the reorganization of this circuitry, a process called systems consolidation that has been associated with time-dependent fear generalization. However, it is unknown whether emotional memories acquired under different stress levels can undergo different systems consolidation processes.

Annexin-A1-Derived Peptide Ac2-26 Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation and Remodelling in Mice.

Annexin-A1 (AnxA1) and its N-terminal derived peptide Ac2-26 regulate the inflammatory response in several experimental models of disorders. This study evaluated the effect of endogenous AnxA1 and its N-terminal peptide Acetyl 2-26 (Ac2-26) on allergic asthma triggered by house dust mite (HDM) extract in mice. 1 and wildtype (WT) mice were exposed to intranasal instillation of HDM every other day for 3 weeks, with analyses performed 24 h following the last exposure.

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided pecto-intercostal block in canine cadavers.

Objective: To describe the technique for performing an ultrasound-guided pecto-intercostal fascial (PIF) block and compare two volumes of injectate in canine cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective experimental cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 11 canine cadavers (11.

Description of an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block injection technique and the spread of dye in calf cadavers.

Objectives: To describe an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath (RS) block technique in calves with injections of methylene blue and assess the extent of injectate spread and nerve staining in calf cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 16 calf cadavers weighing 30.

Neuraxial administration of morphine combined with lidocaine induces regional antinociception in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Objective: To assess the antinociceptive efficacy and safety of neuraxial morphine in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Animals: 10 healthy adult bearded dragons.

Procedures: Animals were sedated with alfaxalone (15 mg/kg) SC prior to neuraxial injections.

Sedation and Anesthesia of Lizards.

The field of lizard sedation, anesthesia, and locoregional anesthesia is advancing with new drug protocols being evaluated, and new locoregional techniques being developed and evaluated. Inducing and maintaining effective and safe chemical restraint in lizards can be challenging, particularly in systemically diseased individuals. Understanding the anatomic and physiologic adaptations of lizards, using reversible or partially reversible injectable protocols, and using locoregional anesthesia may increase the quality of chemical restraint, facilitate faster recoveries, and limit anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality.

Impact of endotracheal tube size and cuff pressure on tracheal and laryngeal mucosa of adult horses.

Objective: To assess the effects of two sizes of silicone endotracheal tubes with internal diameter 26 mm (ETT) and 30 mm (ETT) inflated to minimum occlusive volume on tracheal and laryngeal mucosa of adult horses anesthetized for 2 hours with isoflurane.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover experimental study.

Animals: A total of eight healthy adult mares.

Evaluation of neuraxial administration of bupivacaine in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Objective: To assess the success rate, onset, duration and extent of motor/sensory block following neuraxial injection of two dosages of bupivacaine in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover experimental study.

Animals: A total of 10 adult bearded dragons (0.

Corticosterone differentially modulates time-dependent fear generalization following mild or moderate fear conditioning training in rats.

Stressful and emotionally arousing experiences create strong memories that seem to lose specificity over time. It is uncertain, however, how the stress system contributes to the phenomenon of time-dependent fear generalization. Here, we investigated whether post-training corticosterone (CORT-HBC) injections, given after different training intensities, affect contextual fear memory specificity at several time points.

Evaluation of supraglottic airway device use during inhalation anesthesia in healthy African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris).

Objective: To evaluate a supraglottic airway device (SGAD) designed for rabbits in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) during inhalation anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded experimental study.

Animals: A total of 12 adult African pygmy hedgehogs (seven male, five female).

An ontology of Pharmaceutical Services in the pages of Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.

Pharmaceutical Services (PS) is a growing field which has established itself over the last 25 years in Brazil through scientific publications. This work investigates the evolution of the field in the Brazilian periodical Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. We conducted a scoping review of relevant literature produced in four separate periods (1996-2003, 2004-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2019).

Intranasal Flunisolide Suppresses Pathological Alterations Caused by Silica Particles in the Lungs of Mice.

Silicosis is an occupational disease triggered by the inhalation of fine particles of crystalline silica and characterized by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the lungs. In spite of the therapeutic arsenal currently available, there is no specific treatment for the disease. Flunisolide is a potent corticosteroid shown to be effective for controlling chronic lung inflammatory diseases.

Efficacy of greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks performed in rabbits.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, duration and safety of greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks in rabbits.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover, experimental study.

Animals: A total of 11 healthy adult Dutch-belted rabbits.

Effect of contrast and local anesthetic on dye spread following transversus abdominis plane injection in dog cadavers.

Objective: To determine whether the addition of bupivacaine or contrast medium to methylene blue dye would affect dye distribution following ultrasound (US)-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injections.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 29 fresh Beagle dog cadavers.