Routinely asking patients about income in primary care: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Income is a key social determinant of health, yet it is rare for data on income to be routinely collected and integrated with electronic health records.

Aim: To examine response bias and evaluate patient perspectives of being asked about income in primary care.

Design & Setting: Mixed-methods study in a large, multi-site primary care organisation in Toronto, Canada, where patients are asked about income in a routinely administered sociodemographic survey.

Exploring different methods to evaluate the impact of basic income interventions: a systematic review.

Background: Persistent income inequality, the increase in precarious employment, the inadequacy of many welfare systems, and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased interest in Basic Income (BI) interventions. Ensuring that social interventions, such as BI, are evaluated appropriately is key to ensuring their overall effectiveness. This systematic review therefore aims to report on available methods and domains of assessment, which have been used to evaluate BI interventions.

Awareness and Use of Community Services among Primary Care Physicians.

Primary care physicians play an important role in care coordination, including initiating referrals to community resources. Yet, it is unclear how awareness and use of community resources vary between physicians practising with and without an extended healthcare team. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians practising in Toronto, Canada, to compare awareness and use of community services between physicians practising in team- and non-team-based practice models.

Routine identification of patients with disabilities in primary care: A mixed-methods study.

Background: People with disabilities experience barriers to receiving healthcare and often have worse health outcomes, but data on disability is rarely routinely collected in a standardized way.

Objective: This study examined how patients responded to being asked about disabilities as part of a routine, self-administered sociodemographic survey.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in a multi-site primary care organization.

Patient perspectives on routinely being asked about their race and ethnicity: Qualitative study in primary care.

Objective: To understand patients' perspectives on responding to a question about their race and ethnicity in a primary care setting.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured individual interviews conducted between May and July 2016.

Setting: An academic family health team in Toronto, Ont, where collection of sociodemographic data has been routine since 2013.

Recovery education for people experiencing housing instability: An evaluation protocol.

Background: Recovery education centers (RECs) offer recovery supports through education rather than traditional health services. The Supporting Transitions and Recovery Learning Centre (STAR) in Toronto, Canada, is among the few that are internationally focused on individuals with histories of homelessness. Although research suggests that RECs positively impact participants, there is a paucity of rigorous studies and none address the engagement and impacts on homeless individuals.

Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.

Background: Free provision of tangible goods that may improve health is one approach to addressing discrepancies in health outcomes related to income, yet it is unclear whether providing goods for free improves health. We systematically reviewed the literature that reported the association between the free provision of tangible goods and health outcomes.

Methods: A search was performed for relevant literature in all languages from 1995-May 2017.

Routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Sexual orientation and gender identity are key social determinants of health, but data on these characteristics are rarely routinely collected. We examined patients' reactions to being asked routinely about their sexual orientation and gender identity, and compared answers to the gender identity question against other data in the medical chart on gender identity.

Methods: We analyzed data on any patient who answered at least 1 question on a routinely administered sociodemographic survey between Dec.