Automatic Diagnosis of Early-Stage Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions from ALA-PDD Images Using GAN and CNN.

A screening system for early-stage oral cancer and precancerous lesions should be established because it is difficult to detect them even for specialists and they are often detected too late. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically classifying fluorescence images acquired by ALA-PDD (Photodynamic Diagnosis using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid) into three classes: Normal, Low-Risk, High-Risk. We augment a small image dataset by training GAN (Generative adversarial networks) with Differentiable Augmentation, and then train CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for the classification by the augmented dataset.

Photodynamic Diagnosis Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid with a Novel Compact System and Chromaticity Analysis for the Detection of Oral Cancer and High-Risk Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders.

Detecting early-stage oral cancer and precancerous lesions are critical to improving patient prognosis and quality of life after treatment. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid enables the detection of malignant lesions. This study aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnosis using an objective chromaticity analysis of fluorescence emitted from oral lesions.

Inhibitory effect of 405-nm blue LED light on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans dual-species biofilms on denture base resin.

We investigated whether irradiation with 405-nm blue LED light could inhibit the growth of not only single- but dual-species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans on denture base resin and cause the alteration in gene expression related to adhesion and biofilm formation. C. albicans and S.

A New Induction Method for the Controlled Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Frozen Sections.

Considering that every tissue/organ has the most suitable microenvironment for its functional cells, controlling induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation by culture on frozen sections having a suitable microenvironment is possible. Induced PSCs were cultured on frozen sections of the liver, the brain, the spinal cord, and cover glasses (control) for 9 days. The iPSCs cultured on the sections of the liver resembled hepatocytes, whereas those on sections of the brain and the spinal cord resembled neuronal cells.

Microbicidal effect of 405-nm blue LED light on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans dual-species biofilms on denture base resin.

This study investigated: (1) the microbicidal effect of 405-nm blue LED light irradiation on biofilm formed by Candida albicans hyphae and Streptococcus mutans under dual-species condition on denture base resin, (2) the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by irradiation, and (3) the existence of intracellular porphyrins, which act as a photosensitizer. Denture base resin specimens were prepared and C. albicans and S.

Non-Invasive Diagnostic System Based on Light for Detecting Early-Stage Oral Cancer and High-Risk Precancerous Lesions-Potential for Dentistry.

Oral health promotion and examinations have contributed to the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders, leading to the adaptation of minimally invasive therapies and subsequent improvements in the prognosis/maintenance of the quality of life after treatments. However, the accurate detection of early-stage oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia is particularly difficult for conventional oral examinations because these lesions sometimes resemble benign lesions or healthy oral mucosa tissues. Although oral biopsy has been considered the gold standard for accurate diagnosis, it is deemed invasive for patients.

Grapefruit seed extract effectively inhibits the Candida albicans biofilms development on polymethyl methacrylate denture-base resin.

This study aimed to investigate the cleansing effects of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on biofilms of Candida albicans (C. albicans) formed on denture-base resin and the influence of GSE on the mechanical and surface characteristics of the resin. GSE solution diluted with distilled water to 0.

Effectiveness of 405-nm blue LED light for degradation of Candida biofilms formed on PMMA denture base resin.

This study investigated (i) the degradation effect of 405-nm blue light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on Candida albicans and C. glabrata biofilms formed on denture base resin and (ii) the effects of 405-nm blue LED light irradiation on the mechanical and surface characteristics of the resin. Polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin discs were prepared, and C.

Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived, Scaffold-Free Constructs for Bone Regeneration.

In the present study, a scaffold-free tissue construct was developed as an approach for the regeneration of tissue defects, which produced good outcomes. We fabricated a scaffold-free tissue construct from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs construct), and examined the characteristics of the construct. For its fabrication, basal sheets prepared by 4-week hDPSCs culturing were subjected to 1-week three-dimensional culture, with or without osteogenic induction, whereas hDPSC sheets (control) were fabricated by 1-week culturing of basal sheets on monolayer culture.

Cryopreservation Method for the Effective Collection of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are an attractive cell source for use in cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering because DPSCs have a high cell proliferation ability and multidifferentiation capacity. However, several problems are associated with the collection and preservation of DPSCs for use in future cell-based therapy. In particular, the isolation of DPSCs for cryopreservation is time consuming and expensive.

Leptin promotes wound healing in the skin.

Introduction: Leptin, a 16 kDa anti-obesity hormone, exhibits various physiological properties. Interestingly, skin wound healing was proven to delay in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, little is known on the mechanisms of this phenomenon.

Effect of melatonin on human dental papilla cells.

Melatonin regulates a variety of biological processes, which are the control of circadian rhythms, regulation of seasonal reproductive function and body temperature, free radical scavenging and so on. Our previous studies have shown that various cells exist in human and mouse tooth germs that express the melatonin 1a receptor (Mel1aR). However, little is known about the effects of melatonin on tooth development and growth.

Leptin promotes wound healing in the oral mucosa.

Introduction: Leptin, a 16 kDa circulating anti-obesity hormone, exhibits many physiological properties. Recently, leptin was isolated from saliva; however, its function in the oral cavity is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of leptin in the oral cavity by focusing on its effect on wound healing in the oral mucosa.

Nerve growth factor increases electrical activity of neural cells derived from murine bone marrow stromal cells.

Objective: Nerve growth factor (NGF) triggers long-term neuronal excitability. We examined its effect on murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC)-derived neurons.

Methods: With an optimal differentiation protocol, BMSCs were differentiated into neurons in culture.

Expression and cellular localizaion of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in rat and human salivary glands.

Melatonin, discovered in 1958, is secreted by the pineal gland primarily during the night. Its secretion is controlled by the light/dark cycle of the environment. Melatonin is also produced in and secreted by various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells and its synthesizing enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed in various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells.

Leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor regulate angiogenesis in tooth germs.

Leptin, a 16 kDa non-glycolated polypeptide of 146 amino acids produced by the ob gene, has a variety of physiological roles not only in lipid metabolism, hematopoiesis, thermogenesis and ovarian function, but also in angiogenesis. This study focuses to investigate the possibility that leptin, as an angiogenic factor, may regulate the angiogenesis during tooth development. We firstly studied the expression of leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during tooth development immunohistochemically.

Osteoporosis influences the early period of the healing after distraction osteogenesis in a rat osteoporotic model.

Introduction: Despite the clinical adoption of distraction osteogenesis (DO), studies examining the bone healing process at the distraction gap in osteoporotic bone are limited. We examined the effect of osteoporosis in the ovariectomized rat on DO.

Material And Methods: Mid-diaphyseal osteotomies were performed on the femurs of ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Effect of FGF-2 and melatonin on implant bone healing: a histomorphometric study.

Melatonin influences the release of growth hormone and cortisol in humans, and it was recently reported that it promoted bone formation. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was reported to facilitate the proliferation of osteoblasts. In the present study, we examined the effect of recombinant human FGF-2 and melatonin on the promotion of osteogenesis around titanium implants.

Possible involvement of stem cell factor and endothelin-1 in the emergence of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma in oral mucosa.

We present here the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral mucosa of the hard palate of a 76-year-old Japanese man. He underwent a partial resection of the maxilla subsequent to radiotherapy. The tumor was typical, moderately well-differentiated SCC but had many melanocytes (melanocytosis) within it.

Basic research on aw-AC/PLGA composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Recently, it has become important to develop effective material to be used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Therefore, we fabricated new three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds consisting of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)(75/25) with anti-washout type AC (aw-AC) particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate this new scaffold concerning its basic properties and biocompatibility.

Histological evaluation of apatite cement containing atelocollagen.

Tissue response to apatite cement (AC) containing atelocollagen (AC (ate)) was evaluated using conventional AC (c-AC) as a control material. At one week, the only difference between AC (ate) and c-AC was found in the soft tissue response. With c-AC, a moderate inflammatory response was exhibited: small particles of c-AC were scattered in the cutaneous tissue and many foreign body giant cells were aggregated around the scattered c-AC, whereas AC (ate) showed only a slight inflammatory response with few foreign body giant cells.

Proliferation and differentiation of cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on surface-layer modified hydroxyapatite ceramic with acid and heat treatments.

Effects of functionally gradient calcium phosphate consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells. There were no significant differences in the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells among HAP-alpha-TCP functionally gradient calcium phosphate, pure HAP, and cell culture plastic wells. mRNA expressions of type I collagen, alkaline phosphate, and osteocalcine were evaluated as indexes of initial; mid-stage, and late-stage osteoblastic differentiation.

Effect of the additional installation of implants in the posterior region on the prognosis of treatment in the edentulous mandibular jaw.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of the additional installation of implants in the posterior region on the prognosis of treatment in the edentulous mandibular jaw. Fifteen patients who had received implants (Brånemark system, Nobel Biocare, Gotebörg, Sweden) in the edentulous mandible and completed a 1-year follow-up after the fitting of implant-anchored fixed prostheses were selected. In seven patients (Group A), four or five implants were installed between the mental foramina, and in eight patients (Group P), one or two implants, one on each side, were installed in the posterior regions in addition to the implants between the foramina.

Effects of neutral sodium hydrogen phosphate on the setting property and hemostatic ability of hydroxyapatite putty as a local hemostatic agent for bone.

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) putty has been reported to have good hemostatic ability and excellent biocompatibility. Although the setting reaction of HAP putty and resulting transformation to HAP is the reason for this excellent biocompatibility, it also limits the handling period. In this study, the relationship between the setting reaction of HAP putty and its hemostatic ability was investigated, where neutral sodium hydrogen phosphate concentration and post-preparation time were used as indexes.

Effects of various sterilization methods on the setting and mechanical properties of apatite cement.

Sterilization capability is a necessary requirement for any material that is to be used in a medical application. Therefore, it is necessary for apatite cement (AC) to be sterilized. Because there is little information on the sterilization methods of AC, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate the effects of various sterilization methods, including steam, dry heat, ethylene oxide (EtO) gas, and gamma irradiation sterilizations, on the setting and mechanical properties of AC.