Performance evaluation of modified Living Wall garden for treating septic tank effluent.

The Living Wall (LW) garden system has been employed as a post-treatment system to improve the effluent quality of septic tanks. This improvement primarily involves reducing nutrient levels, as well as facilitating the removal of organic matter and solids in accordance with effluent discharge guidelines. The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment performance of the LW system connected to a septic tank, along with an examination of the microbial communities within the LW units.

1 gene abundance from septic tanks in Thailand using validated 1 primers.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis, and wastewater treatment, including septic tanks, remains an important source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The role of septic tanks in disseminating class 1 integron, and by extension AMR genes, in Thailand, where antibiotic use is unregulated remains understudied. We aimed to monitor gene abundance as a proxy to infer potential AMR from septic tanks in Thailand.

Performance of novel constructed wetlands for treating solar septic tank effluent.

To improve treatment performance of the solar septic tank technology, novel constructed wetland systems have been proposed as an effective post-treatment system. This study aimed to investigate the treatment performance of the multi-soil layer based constructed wetland (MSL-CW) and comparing with the modified constructed wetland (mCW) for treating solar septic tank effluent in long-term operation. Pilot-scale MSL-CW and mCW units were operated in parallel under the same conditions during the period of 2016-2019.

Nouveau design solar septic tank: Reinvented toilet technology for sanitation 4.0.

The up-flow solar septic tank (UTST) and multi-soil layering (MSL) system has been developed and proposed as "Nouveau Design Solar Septic Tank". The objective of this study was to verify functionality of the integrated UTST and MSL system for treatment of toilet wastewater (or black water) under actual conditions over a year at the Asian Institute of Technology campus, Pathumthani province, central Thailand. During the operation period which involved fluctuating flow rates, ambient temperatures and black water characteristics, the UTST unit yielded satisfactory performance with the average treatment efficiencies of 92 10% for total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 79 10% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 93 9% for total 5-days biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD) and 90 12% for soluble 5-days biochemical oxygen demand (SBOD), respectively, while the MSL unit could remove 95 3%, and 88 15% of total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively.

Enhanced sludge reduction in septic tanks by increasing temperature.

Septic tanks in most developing countries are constructed without drainage trenches or leaching fields to treat toilet wastewater and /or grey water. Due to the short hydraulic retention time, effluents of these septic tanks are still highly polluted, and there is usually high accumulation of septic tank sludge or septage containing high levels of organics and pathogens that requires frequent desludging and subsequent treatment. This study aimed to reduce sludge accumulation in septic tanks by increasing temperatures of the septic tank content.