Gaps and opportunities for measuring equity with the Translational Science Benefits Model: Recommendations from the Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research.

Translational research needs to show value through impact on measures that matter to the public, including health and societal benefits. To this end, the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) identified four categories of impact: Clinical, Community, Economic, and Policy. However, TSBM offers limited guidance on how these areas of impact relate to equity.

Domestic violence in American Indian and Alaska Native populations: a new framework for policy change and addressing the structural determinants of health.

There are 574 federally recognized Tribes in the United States. Tribes have experienced increased rates of domestic violence (DV) due to structural determinants like gender violence, loss of control, discrimination, marginalization, oppression, and political violence. American Indian and Alaska Native girls and women experience the highest rates of DV and abuse in the US, yet policy change, funding, and advocacy has been slow to address high DV rates.

Participatory training evaluation: Steps from the Center for Native American Health Native-CHART symposium.

This paper presents a case example of the Native-CHART Training Evaluation and describes the process of planning and administering a paper evaluation during the Native-CHART symposium in November 2019 led by the Center for Native American Health (CNAH) and an external evaluator. Training evaluation methodologies and the data collection instrument were grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM) where health-related chronic disease and risk factor knowledge translates to perceived susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. Kirkpatrick's Four-level Training Evaluation Model explored learning, reaction, behaviors, and results.

Status of Maternal Cardiovascular Health in American Indian and Alaska Native Individuals: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States. American Indian and Alaska Native individuals have some of the highest maternal death and morbidity rates. Data on the causes of cardiovascular disease-related death in American Indian and Alaska Native individuals are limited, and there are several challenges and opportunities to improve maternal cardiovascular health in this population.

A Model of Stakeholder Engagement with American Indians and Alaska Natives from the Native-CHART Study.

American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) community stakeholder engagement has the power to transform health research. However, the engagement and dissemination process is challenging in AIAN communities due to the historical and current negative experiences of AIAN populations in health research (Dillard et al., 2018).

Tribal Perspectives on Hypertension: Results From the Center for Native American Health Native-CHART Needs Assessment.

Purpose And Objectives: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) hypertension contributes to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death in this population. The purpose of this article is to document strategies, concerns, and barriers related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease from Native-Controlling Hypertension and Risks through Technology (Native-CHART) symposiums facilitated by the Center for Native American Health (CNAH). The objectives of this evaluation were to combine Health Needs Assessment (HNA) data and explore barriers and strategies related to hypertension while assessing changes in participants' perspectives over time (2017-2021).

Psychedelic Therapies at the Crossroads of Trauma and Substance Use: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions, Taking a Lead From New Mexico.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a common condition with potentially devastating individual, family, and societal consequences, is highly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). The association between PTSD and SUD is complex and may involve adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), historical and multi-generational traumas, and social determinants of health as well as cultural and spiritual contexts. Current psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for PTSD are only modestly effective, and there is a need for more research on therapeutic interventions for co-occurring PTSD and SUD, including whether to provide integrated or sequential treatments.

The Healthy Children, Strong Families 2 (HCSF2) Randomized Controlled Trial Improved Healthy Behaviors in American Indian Families with Young Children.

Background: American Indian (AI) families experience a disproportionate risk of obesity due to a number of complex reasons, including poverty, historic trauma, rural isolation or urban loss of community connections, lack of access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities, and high stress. Home-based obesity prevention interventions are lacking for these families.

Objective: Healthy Children, Strong Families 2 (HCSF2) was a randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle promotion/obesity prevention intervention for AI families.

Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in American Indian Families With Young Children.

Objective: To describe sociodemographic factors and health behaviors among American Indian (AI) families with young children and determine predictors of adult and child weight status among these factors.

Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional baseline data.

Setting: One urban area and 4 rural AI reservations nationwide.

Recruiting American Indian/Alaska Native Students to Medical School: A Multi-Institutional Alliance in the U.S. Southwest.

Problem: Despite national efforts to diversify the physician workforce, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals have the least representation of all major racial and ethnic groups. Limited resources at state medical schools present institution-level recruitment challenges. Unified efforts to engage AI/AN students in premedical education activities are needed.

Household food insecurity and dietary patterns in rural and urban American Indian families with young children.

Background: High food insecurity has been demonstrated in rural American Indian households, but little is known about American Indian families in urban settings or the association of food insecurity with diet for these families. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of food insecurity in American Indian households by urban-rural status, correlates of food insecurity in these households, and the relationship between food insecurity and diet in these households.

Methods: Dyads consisting of an adult caregiver and a child (2-5 years old) from the same household in five urban and rural American Indian communities were included.

Healthy Children, Strong Families 2: A randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for American Indian families designed using community-based approaches.

Background/Aims Few obesity prevention trials have focused on young children and their families in the home environment, particularly in underserved communities. Healthy Children, Strong Families 2 is a randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for American Indian children and their families, a group at very high risk of obesity. The study design resulted from our long-standing engagement with American Indian communities, and few collaborations of this type resulting in the development and implementation of a randomized clinical trial have been described.

Development of a Culturally Informed Child Safety Curriculum for American Indian Families.

American Indian (AI) children are disproportionately affected by unintentional injuries, with injury mortality rates approximately 2.3 times higher than the combined rates for all children in the United States. Although multiple risk factors are known to contribute to these increased rates, a comprehensive, culturally informed curriculum that emphasizes child safety is lacking for this population.

The Healthy Children, Strong Families intervention: design and community participation.

Healthy Children, Strong Families (HCSF) is a 2-year, community-driven, family-based randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyles intervention conducted in partnership with four Wisconsin American Indian tribes. HCSF is composed of 1 year of targeted home visits to deliver nutritional and physical activity curricula. During Year 1, trained community mentors work with 2-5-year-old American Indian children and their primary caregivers to promote goal-based behavior change.

Psychological distress among Plains Indian mothers with children referred to screening for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Background: Psychological distress (PD) includes symptoms of depression and anxiety and is associated with considerable emotional suffering, social dysfunction and, often, with problematic alcohol use. The rate of current PD among American Indian women is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of U.

Intimate partner violence and alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among American Indian women in primary care.

The relationship of intimate partner violence (IPV) with mental disorders was investigated among 234 American Indian/Alaska Native female primary care patients. Results indicated that unadjusted prevalence ratios for severe physical or sexual abuse (relative to no IPV) were significant for anxiety, PTSD, mood, and any mental disorder. Adjusted prevalence ratios showed severe physical or sexual IPV to be associated with any mood disorder.

Reducing health disparities through a culturally centered mentorship program for minority faculty: the Southwest Addictions Research Group (SARG) experience.

Purpose: Ethnic minority faculty members are vastly underrepresented in academia. Yet, the presence of these individuals in academic institutions is crucial, particularly because their professional endeavors often target issues of health disparities. One promising way to attract and retain ethnic minority faculty is to provide them with formal mentorship.

Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use: comment on Spillane and Smith (2007).

In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings.

Educating, training, and mentoring minority faculty and other trainees in mental health services research.

Objective: The authors describe the evolution of a novel national training program to develop minority faculty for mental health services research careers. Recruiting, training, and sustaining minority health professionals for academic research careers in mental health services research have proven challenging.

Method: Over the past 8 years the authors developed NIMH-funded programs to educate, train, and mentor minority psychiatrists and other junior faculty and graduate and post-graduate students.

Mentoring partnerships for minority faculty and graduate students in mental health services research.

Objective: The authors developed mentorship programs to train minority junior faculty and advanced graduate students in mental health services research.

Method: The programs target "mentees" in the Southwest United States and offer long-term mentoring, seminars, group supervision, seed funding for peer reviewed research proposals, peer interaction, and week-long institutes that feature presentations and mentoring by recognized experts.

Results: Evaluations suggest that these programs have influenced participants' career development.