Exploring the Versatility of Aerogels: Broad Applications in Biomedical Engineering, Astronautics, Energy Storage, Biosensing, and Current Progress.

Aerogels are unique and extremely porous substances with fascinating characteristics such as ultra-low density, extraordinary surface area, and excellent thermal insulation capabilities. Due to their exceptional features, aerogels have attracted significant interest from various fields, including energy, environment, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. This review paper presents an overview of the trailblazing research on aerogels, aiming at their preparation, characterization, and applications.

Papaverine: A Miraculous Alkaloid from Opium and Its Multimedicinal Application.

The pharmacological actions of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are quite substantial, and have recently attracted much attention. One of the principle benzylisoquinoline alkaloids has been found in the unripe seed capsules of L. Although it lacks analgesic effects and is unrelated to the compounds in the morphine class, it is a peripheral vasodilator and has a direct effect on vessels.

TORC1 inactivation promotes APC/C-dependent mitotic slippage in yeast and human cells.

Unsatisfied kinetochore-microtubule attachment activates the spindle assembly checkpoint to inhibit the metaphase-anaphase transition. However, some cells eventually override mitotic arrest by mitotic slippage. Here, we show that inactivation of TORC1 kinase elicits mitotic slippage in budding yeast and human cells.

Cdc14 phosphatase downmodulates ESCRT-0 complex formation on vacuolar membranes and microautophagy after TORC1 inactivation.

Remodeling of vacuolar membranes mediated by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is critical for microautophagy induction in budding yeast. Nutrient depletion and inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase elicit recruitment of the ESCRT-0 complex (Vps27-Hse1) onto vacuolar membranes and ESCRT-mediated microautophagy induction. Mitotic protein phosphatase Cdc14 antagonizes TORC1-mediated phosphorylation in macroautophagy induction after nutrient starvation and TORC1 inactivation.

Sorting nexin Mdm1/SNX14 regulates nucleolar dynamics at the NVJ after TORC1 inactivation.

The degradation of nucleolar proteins - nucleophagy - is elicited by nutrient starvation or the inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase in budding yeast. Prior to nucleophagy, nucleolar proteins migrate to the nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), where micronucleophagy occurs, whereas rDNA (rRNA gene) repeat regions are condensed and escape towards NVJ-distal sites. This suggests that the NVJ controls nucleolar dynamics from outside of the nucleus after TORC1 inactivation, but its molecular mechanism is unclear.

The vacuole controls nucleolar dynamics and micronucleophagy via the NVJ.

Chromosomes have their own territories and dynamically translocate in response to internal and external cues. However, whether and how territories and the relocation of chromosomes are controlled by other intracellular organelles remains unknown. Upon nutrient starvation and target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) inactivation, micronucleophagy, which preferentially degrades nucleolar proteins, occurs at the nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ) in budding yeast.

PP2A promotes ESCRT-0 complex formation on vacuolar membranes and microautophagy induction after TORC1 inactivation.

Deformation of vacuolar membranes mediated by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is necessary for microautophagy. Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase negatively regulates ESCRT-0 (Vps27-Hse1) recruitment onto vacuolar membranes and microautophagy induction. However, whether and how protein phosphatase regulates these events is unknown.

TORC1 regulates ESCRT-0 complex formation on the vacuolar membrane and microautophagy induction in yeast.

Microautophagy is promoted after nutrient starvation and inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) kinase. Invagination of vacuolar membranes by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is required for microautophagy. Vps27, a subunit of ESCRT-0, is recruited onto vacuolar membranes via dephosphorylation after TORC1 inactivation.

Investigation of biological activities of the flowers of Lagerstroemia speciosa, the Jarul flower of Bangladesh.

Background: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Family: Lythraceae) is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes and other diseases.

Critical Analysis on Characterization, Systemic Effect, and Therapeutic Potential of Beta-Sitosterol: A Plant-Derived Orphan Phytosterol.

Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and known to be involved in the stabilization of cell membranes. To compile the sources, physical and chemical properties, spectral and chromatographic analytical methods, synthesis, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials, toxicity, drug delivery and finally, to suggest future research with BS, classical as well as on-line literature were studied. Classical literature includes classical books on ethnomedicine and phytochemistry, and the electronic search included Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others.