SGLT2 inhibitors: Beyond glycemic control.

Multiple randomized controlled trials have extensively examined the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, ushering in a transformative approach to treating individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Notably, emerging reports have drawn attention to the potential positive impacts of SGLT2 inhibitors in nondiabetic patients. In an effort to delve into this phenomenon, a comprehensive systematic literature review spanning PubMed (NLM), Medline (Ovid), and Cochrane Library, covering publications from 2000 to 2024 was undertaken.

The prognostic significance of duodenal wall invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The most recent edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (AJCC, 8th edition) relies only on tumor size for staging resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and the presence of duodenal wall invasion (DWI) no longer has an impact on staging. However, very few studies have evaluated its significance. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of DWI in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Visualization of fidaxomicin association with the exosporium layer of Clostridioides difficile spores.

Background: Fidaxomicin has novel pharmacologic effects on C. difficile spore formation including outgrowth inhibition and persistent spore attachment. However, the mechanism of fidaxomicin attachment on spores has not undergone rigorous microscopic studies.

Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and evidence-based management update.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional renal failure that develops in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis with ascites and in those with fulminant hepatic failure. The prevalence of HRS varies among studies but in general it is the third most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients after pre-renal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis. HRS carries a grim prognosis with a mortality rate approaching 90% three months after disease diagnosis.

Predictors of disease severity and outcome of hospitalized renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review of a globally representative sample.

COVID-19 presents a special challenge to the kidney transplant population. A systematic review of articles that examined COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients was performed. Patients' demographics, clinical, laboratory and radiological presentations, immunosuppression modification, and COVID-19 specific management were abstracted and analyzed.

In vitro activity of eravacycline against common ribotypes of Clostridioides difficile.

Background: Eravacycline is a novel synthetic fluorocycline antibacterial approved for complicated intra-abdominal infections.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro activities of eravacycline and comparator antibiotics against contemporary clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile representing common ribotypes, including isolates with decreased susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin.

Methods: Clinical C.

Activity of Omadacycline, a New Tetracycline Analog, and Comparators against Clostridioides difficile.

Omadacycline is a potent aminomethylcycline with activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Preliminary data demonstrated that omadacycline has activity against ; however, large-scale studies have not been done. The purpose of this study was to assess the susceptibility of omadacycline and comparators on a large biobank of clinical isolates.

Activity of Hospital Disinfectants against Vegetative Cells and Spores of Clostridioides difficile Embedded in Biofilms.

spores can survive in the environment in either mono- or mixed-species biofilms. However, no previous studies have investigated chemical disinfection of spores embedded in biofilms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hospital disinfectants against spores embedded within biofilms.

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment.

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into possible MOA, morphologic changes associated with antibiotic exposure can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Integrating SEM imaging with traditional kill curves may improve our insight into drug action and advance the drug development process.

Penises not required: a systematic review of the potential for human papillomavirus horizontal transmission that is non-sexual or does not include penile penetration.

The primary mode of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is through penetrative sex; however, there is evidence of other modes of transmission. No systematic review was found that focussed on HPV horizontal transmission that is not penocentric. A systematic review of the literature by searching Medline (Ovid), PubMed (NLM) and Embase (Ovid) was conducted to retrieve articles published from 1946 to March 2014.

Effectiveness of the Lunch is in the Bag program on communication between the parent, child and child-care provider around fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods: A group-randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the parent- and early care education (ECE) center-based Lunch is in the Bag program on communication between parent, child, and their ECE center providers around fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods (FVWG).

Method: A total of n=30 ECE center; 577 parent-child dyads participated in this group-randomized controlled trial conducted from 2011 to 2013 in Texas (n=15 ECE center, 327 dyads intervention group; n=15 ECE center, 250 dyads comparison group). Parent-child and parent-ECE center provider communication was measured using a parent-reported survey administered at baseline and end of the five-week intervention period.