Background: This systematic review evaluates the effect of audit and feedback (A&F) interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care and examines factors that may explain the variation in effectiveness.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving A&F interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care were included in the systematic review. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.
Objective: Tolterodine tartrate (TOTA) is a first-line therapy to treat overactive urinary bladder (OAB). Oral delivery causes high hepatic clearance, xerostomia, headache, constipation, and blurred vision. We addressed Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and Design Expert oriented optimized cationic elastic liposomes for transdermal application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn part I, we reported Hansen solubility parameters (HSP, HSPiP program), experimental solubility at varied temperatures for TOTA delivery. Here, we studied dose volume selection, stability, pH, osmolality, dispersion, clarity, and viscosity of the explored combinations (I-VI). Ex vivo permeation and deposition studies were performed to observe relative diffusion rate from the injected site in rat skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeriodontal disease is a multifactorial pathogenic condition involving microbial infection, inflammation, and various systemic complications. Here, a systematic and comprehensive review discussing key-points such as the pros and cons of conventional methods, new advancements, challenges, patents and products, and future prospects is presented. A systematic review process was adopted here by using the following keywords: periodontal diseases, pathogenesis, models, patents, challenges, recent developments, and 3-D printing scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTolterodine tartrate (TOTA) is associated with adverse effect, high hepatic access, varied bioavailability, slight aqueous solubility, and short half-life after oral delivery. Hansen solubility parameters (HSP, HSPiP program), experimental solubility (T = 298.2 to 318.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe quest for effective and reliable methods of delivering medications, with the aim of improving delivery of therapeutic agent to the intended location, has presented a demanding yet captivating field in biomedical research. The concept of smart drug delivery systems is an evolving therapeutic approach, serving as a model for directing drugs to specific targets or sites. These systems have been developed to specifically target and regulate the administration of therapeutic substances in a diverse array of chronic conditions, including periodontitis, diabetes, cardiac diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and different cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Overprescribing of potentially harmful medication in UK general practice has a complex association with socioeconomic deprivation.
Aim: To assess trends in general practice prescribing of five high-risk medications and their relationship with deprivation.
Design & Setting: An observational study was conducted using general practice data from three English regions with varied sociodemographic factors: West Yorkshire and Harrogate (WY), Black Country and West Birmingham (BC), and Surrey and East Sussex (SE).
The study is undertaken to examine international trade and tourism nexus in case of India and SAARC countries. To achieve the objective, panel cointegration is employed over the period of 22 years (1997 to 2018). The results from both first and second generation cointegration tests indicated the existence of long run equilibrium among tourism, export, and import.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlends of nanoparticles, polymers, and small molecules can self-assemble into optical, magnetic, and electronic devices with structure-dependent properties. However, the relationship between a multicomponent nanocomposite's formulation and its assembled structure is complex and cannot be predicted by theory. The blends can be strongly influenced by processing conditions, which can introduce non-equilibrium states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is growing interest in the impact of national clinical audit programmes on the quality of healthcare. There is also an evolving evidence-base for enhancing the design and delivery of audit and feedback. We assessed the extent to which a sample of UK national clinical audit feedback reports met a set of good practice criteria over three time points.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials have been utilized for the drug delivery in the central nervous system (CNS), and many research investigators are currently focussing on this specified area. There has been a lot of advancement in the nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to the brain. Neuronal injuries including spinal cord injury (SCI) and their targeted therapies are still in its infancy on this planet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, there has been a steadily increasing recognition of the need to improve the cultural competence of services and cultural adaptation of interventions so that every individual can benefit from evidence-based care. There have been attempts at culturally adapting evidence-based interventions for mental health problems, and a few meta-analyses have been published in this area. This is, however, a much debated subject.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Over the past decade the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased rapidly in both developed and developing countries and has become a growing health concern worldwide. A recent systematic review highlighted the paucity of data available on the prevalence and potential burden of GDM in Africa, which was emphasised by the fact that only 11 % of African countries were represented in the review. In South Africa, the prevalence of GDM remains unknown, although one would estimate it to be high due to urbanisation and the growing obesity epidemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
September 2011
Background: Studies suggest that seizures may precede the detection of cerebral tumour by several years. Aim To quantify the risk of cerebral tumour after new onset seizures, with particular interest in long term risk.
Methods: Using the Oxford Record Linkage Study (ORLS, 1963-1998) and English national linked Hospital Episode Statistics (1999-2005), cohorts of people with a first admission for epilepsy were constructed.