Recurrent meningitis in an adult secondary to an inner ear malformation: imaging demonstration.

Congenital labyrinthine dysplasia with a translabyrinthine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula may be an anatomic cause for recurrent meningitis. This condition is usually seen in children aged 5 to 10 years who present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and CSF discharge through the nose or ear, with or without recurrent meningitis. Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) and high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the petrous portion of the temporal bone can help to diagnose this abnormality.

Optochiasmatic tuberculomas: a vision-threatening paradoxical response in tuberculous meningitis.

The single main cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide is tuberculosis, which is more prevalent in developing countries. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of TB in which morbidity and mortality depend upon the stage of presentation. Intracranial brain parenchymal tuberculomas may form paradoxically, days to months after starting antituberculous drug therapy.

Subcutaneous emphysema due to bronchial foreign body demonstrated by multidetector-row computed tomography.

Foreign body aspiration is an important cause of emergency hospital admissions in young children less than 3 years of age. It may manifest with acute respiratory difficulty, choking and wheeze acutely or may be asymptomatic. Surgical emphysema is an unusual presentation of bronchial foreign body aspiration in young children.

Multidetector-row computed tomography in cerebral hydatid cyst.

Intracranial localization is a rare manifestation of hydatid cyst disease (Echinococcosis). It comprises only 2% of cases of Echinococcosis infection even in endemic areas and is predominantly seen in children. Clinical manifestations resulting from raised intracranial tension are nonspecific.

Hemobilia in a child due to right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: multidetector-row computed tomography demonstration.

We present a case of a 12-year-old boy who developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of hematemesis and melena 1 month after blunt trauma to liver. Computed tomography (CT) angiography with multidetector-row CT demonstrated pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery related to old liver laceration to be the cause of the bleeding. Pseudoaneurysm was resected using the roadmap provided by CT angiography findings.

Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst: multidetector-row CT demonstration.

Rupture of a hydatid cyst into the biliary tract, also known as cystobiliary communication, is the most common complication of hepatic hydatid cyst. This may lead to obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, cholangitis, and sepsis with high mortality. Imaging plays an important role in the preoperative diagnosis of this condition which facilitates its management.

Sagittal sinus thrombosis due to L-asparaginase.

Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis (CSVT) is a serious complication of L-asparaginase chemotherapy for leukemia in children. Clinical features of headache, altered consciousness, focal neurological deficit, and seizures developing during or immediately after treatment with L-asparaginase should alert the treating physician to the possibility of CSVT. Immediate imaging of the brain should be done using CT and MRI and the veins should be visualized noninvasively by CT and MR venography.

Klebsiella brain abscess in a neonate.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is rarely associated with neonatal cerebral abscess. A case of Klebsiella brain abscess in a neonate is described. Diagnosis of abscess was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-guided aspiration.

Giant adrenal myelolipoma: Incidentaloma with a rare incidental association.

Adrenal myelolipoma is an unusual, benign and biochemically inactive tumor that is composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissue. It is usually diagnosed accidentally and nowadays much more frequently because of widespread use of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Adrenal myelolipoma is usually unilateral and asymptomatic, though known to be associated with obesity, hypertension, endocrinological disorders and some malignancies.

Perinephric fluid collections due to renal lymphangiectasia.

Fluid collections around the kidneys on cross-sectional imaging may be caused by urine, blood, pus, lymph, or plasma. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can not only show and characterize the fluid, but also may help determine the underlying cause of the perinephric fluid collection, such as ureteric obstruction, kidney injury, infection, or renal lymphangiectasia. Renal lymphangiectasia is characterized by abnormal and ectatic lymphatic vessels within and around the kidneys.

Perinephric abscess caused by ruptured retrocecal appendix: MDCT demonstration.

Acute appendicitis may occasionally become extraordinarily complicated and life threatening yet difficult to diagnose. One such presentation is described in a 60-year-old man who was brought to the hospital due to right lumbar pain and fever for the last 15 days. Ultrasonography showed a right perinephric gas and fluid collection.