Case report: a rare clinical presentation of a difficult diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma showing leiomyosarcoma phenotype in the ileocecal region.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a malignant lipomatous tumor that rarely occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, including the ileocecal region. In this case, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no fatty mass located in the mesenteric or submucosal lesion, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a high maximum standardized uptake value, collectively indicating the gastrointestinal stroma tumor and lymphoma. The pathological findings resemble leiomyosarcoma; the immunohistochemistry findings including mouse double minute 2 homolog and cyclin D-dependent kinase-4 and amplification of mouse double minute 2 homolog in fluorescence hybridization just favored the diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with leiomyosarcoma phenotype and not leiomyosarcoma.

Prospective assessment of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy under direct cholangioscopic visualization for biliary strictures that could not be definitively diagnosed using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (with video).

The definitive diagnosis of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures remains challenging. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides real-time histological assessment of bile duct tissues. Since no previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of pCLE under direct cholangioscopic visualization for biliary strictures that cannot be definitively diagnosed through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using fluoroscopy, we prospectively assessed the feasibility and safety of this procedure in three cases.

Non-Invasive Device-Mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

We will be serving as the Guest Editor for this very interesting Special Issue on "Non-Invasive Device-Mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain Across the Blood-Brain Barrier" [...

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Based Drug Delivery into the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

At present, stem cell-based therapies using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used to explore the potential for regenerative medicine in the treatment of various diseases, owing to their ability for multilineage differentiation. Interestingly, MSCs are employed not only in regenerative medicine, but also as carriers for drug delivery, homing to target sites in injured or damaged tissues including the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In drug research and development, membrane impermeability is a serious problem.

22-gauge Co-Cr versus stainless-steel Franseen needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in patients with solid pancreatic lesions.

Background/aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) using Franseen needles is reportedly useful for its high diagnostic yield. This study compared the diagnostic yield and puncturing ability of EUS-TA using 22-gauge cobalt-chromium (CO-Cr) needles with those of stainless-steel Franseen needles in patients with solid pancreatic lesions.

Methods: Outcomes were compared between the 22-gauge Co-Cr Franseen needle (December 2019 to November 2020; group C) and stainless-steel needle (November 2020 to May 2022; group S).

PRELP secreted from mural cells protects the function of blood brain barrier through regulation of endothelial cell-cell integrity.

Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP), is a small secreted proteoglycan expressed by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells surrounding the brain vasculature of adult mouse. We utilised a knockout ( ) mouse model to interrogate vasculature integrity in the brain alongside performing in vitro assays to characterise PRELP application to endothelial cells lines. Our findings were supplemented with RNA expression profiling to elucidate the mechanism of how PRELP maintains neurovasculature function.

Outcomes of Endoscopic Intervention Using Over-the-Scope Clips for Anastomotic Leakage Involving Secondary Fistula after Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Japanese Multicenter Case Series.

Background: The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a highly effective clipping device for refractory gastrointestinal disease. However, Japanese data from multicenter studies for anastomotic leakage (AL) involving a secondary fistula after gastrointestinal surgery are lacking. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of OTSC placement in Japanese patients with such conditions.

Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Delivery into the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Drug development for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease has challenging difficulties due to the pharmacokinetic impermeability based on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as the blurriness of pharmacodynamic targets based on their unclarified pathogenesis and complicated progression mechanisms. Thus, in order to produce innovative central nervous system (CNS) agents for patients suffering from CNS diseases, effective, selective delivery of CNS agents into the brain across the BBB should be developed. Currently, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) attract rising attention as a new modality to degrade arbitrary intracellular proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

[Totally Endoscopic Surgery for the Left Atrial Myxoma and the Atrial Septal Defect:Report of a Case].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our institution for exertional dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 1.6 cm secundum atrial septal defect( ASD) and a 4.

Suppression of TDP-43 aggregation by artificial peptide binder targeting to its low complexity domain.

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), aggregation prone protein, is a potential target of drug discovery for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The molecular binders, targeting the disordered low complexity domain (LCD) relevant to the aggregation, may suppress the aggregation. Recently, Kamagata et al.

Successful planned piecemeal endoscopic resection using gel immersion and an over-the-scope clip for a lesion extensively extended into the colonic diverticulum.

Video 1Successfully planned piecemeal endoscopic resection using gel immersion and an over-the-scope clip for a lesion extensively extended into the colonic diverticulum.

Invasive lobular carcinoma metastasis mimicking primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma.

The endoscopic findings of gastric metastases from breast carcinoma are nonspecific, and often difficult to distinguish from primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Therefore, pathological findings are key to diagnosis.