A Case of Moyamoya Disease With Spontaneous Regression of Posterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysm After Improvement in Obesity and Administration of an Antihypertensive Drug.

A 24-year-old obese female (height = 162 cm, weight = 84 kg, and BMI = 32.0) developed transient dysarthria and left hemiparesis, which was diagnosed as moyamoya disease (MMD) after imaging studies. Cerebral angiography and single photon emission computed tomography studies revealed that the above symptoms were caused by hemodynamic insufficiency in the bilateral hemispheres with right-sided predominance, and a right-sided superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass was performed.

Change in Surface Roughness on the Inner and Outer Surfaces of the Microtube during Hollow Sinking.

Hollow sinking experiments and tensile tests were conducted to clarify the evolution of surface roughness during hollow sinking. Stainless steel tubes (outer diameter: 1.5 mm; wall thickness: 0.

Peer navigation for smoking cessation in people with HIV who smoke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: People with HIV (PWH) cite smoking within their social networks as a barrier to quitting. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a tailored intervention, Peer Navigation Social Support for Smoking cessation (PNSS-S), designed specifically for PWH who smoke.

Methods: We randomized 64 PWH who smoked (mean age 54.

Anesthesia management for percutaneous mitral valve repair in a patient with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and low cardiac function: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy occurs when impaired mitochondrial energy production leads to myocardial dysfunction. Anesthetic management in such cases is challenging due to risks of circulatory depression associated with anesthesia and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by anesthetics. Although there are reports of anesthetic management for patients with mitochondrial diseases, there are few reports specifically addressing cardiac anesthesia for patients with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From Ruptured Aneurysms at the Internal Carotid Artery-Posterior Communicating Artery Bifurcation Not Detectable on Preoperative Imaging Studies.

Since subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the re-rupture of cerebral aneurysms severely worsens the prognosis, an accurate initial diagnosis is essential. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually detect aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, in rare cases, its identification on CT- and MRI scans is difficult, and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination is required.

Bilateral multiple stroke, left upper extremity ischemia, and transient complete atrioventricular block in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive surgery. However, there is a risk of surgical manipulation causing detachment of a lesion of the aortic valve, which can result in various embolisms.

Case Presentation: An 87-year-old woman with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis was scheduled for transfemoral TAVI under monitored anesthesia.

Integrating long-acting injectable treatment to improve medication adherence among persons living with HIV and opioid use disorder: study protocol.

Background: Oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective at reducing mortality rates of people with HIV. However, despite its effectiveness, people who use drugs face barriers to maintaining ART adherence. Receipt of opioid agonist treatment, in the context of HIV care, is associated with medication adherence and decreased HIV viral loads.

Allyl isothiocyanate, an activator of TRPA1, increases gastric mucosal blood flow through calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin in anesthetized rats.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) activates transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, which is involved in the control of intestinal mucosal blood flow. However, the mechanism underlying the increased gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in response to AITC remains unknown. We examined the effect of AITC on GMBF in the ex vivo stomachs of normal and sensory deafferented rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter.

Two weeks administration of tranexamic acid for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: A hospital-based pilot study.

Background: A previous report suggested that functional status does not differ between patients who received tranexamic acid and those who received placebo within the early hours of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Our pilot study tested the hypothesis that 2 weeks administration of tranexamic acid would contribute to functional improvement.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ICH were administered 250 mg tranexamic acid 3 times a day continuously for 2 weeks.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress, Isolation, Smoking Behaviors, and Motivation to Quit in People with HIV Who Smoke.

People with HIV (PWH) smoke at higher rates compared with the general population and have lower cessation rates. The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking in PWH. A survey was administered to participants in two smoking cessation trials in the United States.

Associations of alcohol use, HIV infection, and age with brain white matter microstructure.

Heavy drinking and HIV infection are independently associated with damage to the brain's white matter. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether current alcohol consumption, HIV infection, and associated characteristics were associated with indices of white matter microstructural integrity in people living with HIV (PLWH) and seronegative individuals. PLWH and controls were categorized as non-drinkers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers.

HIV Status, Obesity, and Risk for Weight Stigma: Comparing Weight Stigma Experiences and Internalization Among Adults with Obesity with and Without HIV.

Little is known about weight stigma among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined whether levels of perceived weight stigma experiences and internalization, assessed retrospectively and naturalistically, differed among adults with obesity based on HIV status. 50 PLWH (BMI = 35 kg/m) and 51 adults without HIV (BMI = 36 kg/m) completed retrospective assessments of lifetime perceived weight stigma experiences/internalization.

Relationships among Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, Perceived Vulnerability, and Readiness to Quit Smoking in People Living with HIV.

Smoking-related diseases (e.g., lung cancer) are the leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients.

Peer navigation for smoking cessation in smokers with HIV: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Smoking prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) is high (40%) and cessation rates remain low. Lack of social support and poor adherence to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are related to poor cessation outcomes; thus, both factors represent possible targets for smoking cessation interventions. Peer navigators (PNs) have been integrated into HIV care with great success to improve engagement and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

An HIV Diagnostic Testing Algorithm Using the cobas HIV-1/HIV-2 Qualitative Assay for HIV Type Differentiation and Confirmation.

Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) diagnostic testing algorithms recommended by the Centers for Disease Control involve up to three tests and rely mostly on detection of viral antigen and host antibody responses. HIV-1 p24 antigen/HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody-reactive specimens are confirmed with an immunochromatographic HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation assay, and negative or indeterminate results from the differentiation assay are resolved by an HIV-1-specific nucleic acid amplification test (NAT). The performance of a proposed alternative algorithm using the cobas HIV-1/HIV-2 qualitative NAT as the differentiation assay was evaluated in subjects known to be infected with HIV-1 ( = 876) or HIV-2 ( = 139), at low ( = 6,017) or high ( = 1,020) risk of HIV-1 infection, or at high-risk for HIV-2 infection ( = 498) (study A).

High-Quality Few-Layer Graphene on Single-Crystalline SiC thin Film Grown on Affordable Wafer for Device Applications.

Graphene is promising for next-generation devices. However, one of the primary challenges in realizing these devices is the scalable growth of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG) on device-type wafers; it is difficult to do so while balancing both quality and affordability. High-quality graphene is grown on expensive SiC bulk crystals, while graphene on SiC thin films grown on Si substrates (GOS) exhibits low quality but affordable cost.

Safety, acceptability, and pharmacokinetics of a monoclonal antibody-based vaginal multipurpose prevention film (MB66): A Phase I randomized trial.

Background: MB66 film is a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) product with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HIV-1 (VRC01-N) and HSV-1 and 2 (HSV8-N). The mAbs were produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana (N). We conducted a Phase I clinical trial to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and ex vivo efficacy of single and repeated doses of MB66 when used intravaginally.

McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope assistance during transesophageal echocardiography may reduce the risk of complications: a manikin study.

Background: Although transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is considered a relatively safe diagnostic monitoring method, blind probe insertion is associated with pharyngeal trauma. Through visual observation of the esophageal inlet with the McGRATH video laryngoscope, it may be possible to insert the TEE probe at an appropriate angle and prevent pharyngeal trauma. We conducted a manikin study to investigate whether the use of the McGRATH video laryngoscope for TEE probe insertion reduced the pressure on the posterior pharyngeal wall.

The rodent model of impaired gastric motility induced by allyl isothiocyanate, a pungent ingredient of wasabi, to evaluate therapeutic agents for functional dyspepsia.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is thought to be mainly based on gastric motility dysfunction and chronic hypersensitivity, yet FD animal models has been reported a few. We studied to establish the mouse model of impaired gastric motility induced by a pungent ingredient of wasabi allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), which is reliable to evaluate prokinetic agents. Male ddY mice were used.

Remdesivir Use Compared With Supportive Care in Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir use in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods: We utilized data from 2 quaternary acute care hospitals. The outcomes of interest were the impact of remdesivir on in-hospital death by day 28 and time to recovery, clinical improvement, and discharge.

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection: clinical experience from Rhode Island, United States.

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >6 million people worldwide since December 2019. Global reports of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection are limited. To better understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on persons with HIV and improve their care, we present an outpatient and inpatient clinical experience of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection from Rhode Island, US.

Myocardial Steatosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Participating in the REPRIEVE Trial.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) face increased risks for heart failure and adverse heart failure outcomes. Myocardial steatosis predisposes to diastolic dysfunction, a heart failure precursor. We aimed to characterize myocardial steatosis and associated potential risk factors among a subset of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) participants.

Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19.

Background: Remdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in animal models of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).

Methods: We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial involving hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, oxygen saturation of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air, and radiologic evidence of pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous remdesivir for either 5 days or 10 days.