Effect of resistance exercise, with or without carbohydrate supplementation, on plasma ghrelin concentrations and postexercise hunger and food intake.

The effects of resistance exercise with and without carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on hunger, postexercise food intake, and plasma ghrelin, an orexigenic gastric peptide, are poorly characterized. We examined the individual and combined effects of a resistance exercise bout and CHO consumption on plasma ghrelin and postexercise food intake. Twenty-one apparently healthy young male participants ([mean +/- SD] age = 20 +/- 1.

Weight loss increases cardiovagal baroreflex function in obese young and older men.

We tested the hypothesis that reductions in total body and abdominal visceral fat with energy restriction would be associated with increases in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in overweight/obese older men. To address this, overweight/obese (25 < or = body mass index < or = 35 kg/m(2)) young (OB-Y, n = 10, age = 32.9 +/- 2.

Sympathetic neural regulation in endurance-trained humans: fitness vs. fatness.

We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) would be higher in endurance-trained (ET) compared with sedentary (Sed) men with similar levels of total body and abdominal adiposity. We further hypothesized that sympathetic baroreflex gain would be augmented in ET compared with Sed men independent of the level of adiposity. To address this, we measured MSNA (via microneurography), sympathetic and vagal baroreflex responses (the modified Oxford technique), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and waist circumference (Gulick tape) in Sed (n = 22) and ET men (n = 8).

Comparison of Bod Pod and DXA in female collegiate athletes.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) compared with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Hologic QDR 4500A (Waltham, MA) in female collegiate athletes.

Methods: Forty-seven females representing various Division II collegiate sports and 24 controls participated in the current study. All women underwent both methods of testing within a 30-min period.

Subcutaneous obesity is not associated with sympathetic neural activation.

We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) would not differ in subcutaneously obese (SUBOB) and nonobese (NO) men with similar levels of abdominal visceral fat despite higher plasma leptin concentrations in the former. We further hypothesized that abdominal visceral fat would be the strongest body composition- or regional fat distribution-related correlate of MSNA among these individuals. To accomplish this, we measured MSNA (via microneurography), body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal fat distribution (via computed tomography) in 15 NO (body mass index View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sympathetic neural activation in visceral obesity.

Background: Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is elevated in obese humans. However, the potential role of abdominal visceral fat as an important adipose tissue depot linking obesity to elevated MSNA has not been explored. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that MSNA would be increased in men (age=18 to 40 years, body mass index < or =35 kg/m2) with higher abdominal visceral fat (HAVF; n=13, abdominal visceral fat=118.

Reduced cardiovagal baroreflex gain in visceral obesity: implications for the metabolic syndrome.

The influence of excess total and abdominal adiposity on cardiovagal baroreflex gain remains unclear. We tested the hypotheses that cardiovagal baroreflex gain would be reduced in men with 1) higher [higher fat (HF), mass >20 kg, n = 11] compared with lower [lower fat (LF), mass <20 kg, n = 10] levels of total body and abdominal fat and 2) higher abdominal visceral fat (HAVF; n = 10) compared with total body weight- and subcutaneous fat-matched peers with lower abdominal visceral fat (LAVF; n = 7) levels. To accomplish this, we measured cardiovagal baroreflex gain (modified Oxford technique), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat (computed tomography) in sedentary men (age, 18-40 yr; body mass index, <34.