Public Awareness Regarding the Differences Between Ophthalmologists and Optometrists Among Adults Living in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background Patients' knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists has been identified as a crucial factor influencing the choice of eye care services. This study aimed to assess the level of understanding of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists among the population in the Makkah province. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized an online questionnaire distributed to adults via social media platforms in the Makkah province, Saudi Arabia, from January to April 2023.

Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Alga as a Prebiotic.

Background: Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection.

Objective: To examine the prebiotic properties of aqueous extract () and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), -treated group (600 mg/kg b.

Adherence to Follow-Up and the Related Factors of Paediatric Glaucoma at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Glaucoma is a main cause of blindness globally. In Saudi Arabia, congenital glaucoma is believed to affect 1 in every 2500 live births. In this study, we identified the adherence and evaluated the factors associated with non-compliance (non-adherence) to recommended follow-up appointments at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, a tertiary centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Determinants of insulin therapy among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy that occurs during the second half of pregnancy. In the majority of patients, medical nutritional therapy (MNT) alone is sufficient to achieve the glycemic goal.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical factors that predict the need for insulin therapy in women with GDM.

Mpox: Risks and approaches to prevention.

Since early May 2022, an outbreak due to Mpox virus (formerly called monkeypox) has occurred in many countries around the world. On July 23, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern'. In order to combat the outbreak, it is important to have effective infection prevention and control plans.

"Antibiotic prescribing etiquette" an elective course for medical students: could we recruit potential physicians to fight resistance?

Background: A better understanding of medical students' competencies about antimicrobial resistance and their use could facilitate a more effective education for them as future prescribers. The aim is to explore the educational impact of an elective course on medical students' knowledge, perception, and attitude toward antibiotic resistance and use.

Methods: Between December 2021 and January 2022, when a 2-credit hours elective course was designed and implemented, this interventional study was conducted.

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Egyptian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has raised concerns about vaccine hesitancy in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in particular. Understanding the factors driving the uncertainty regarding vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify the perceptions and attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards COVID-19 vaccines and determine the predictive factors that affect their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

The Outcome of the Online Virtual Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study in the Female Campus of the Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh-King Abdulaziz University.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational process greatly in the academic year 2019-2020. Therefore, this warranted an urgent and effective shift and intervention toward the online teaching practice.

Aim: We have aimed in this study to assess the impact of the necessary shift of the educational process of the basic sciences toward the online distant learning in the female campus; Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University.

Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Prescribers: Current Status of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Egypt.

Introduction: The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising worldwide. One of the most significant factors influencing antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries is the lack of the skills and knowledge of health care providers for proper antimicrobial use.

Aim: To identify knowledge, characterize practices and describe the attitude of Egyptian prescribers towards antibiotic use.

Optimized platelet rich plasma releasate (O-rPRP) repairs galactosemia-induced ovarian follicular loss in rats by activating mTOR signaling and inhibiting apoptosis.

Unlabelled: Platelet rich plasma contains a collection of growth factors, and an optimal formulation, named O-rPRP, contains the highest possible concentration of growth factors.

Purpose: Challenging the healing power of O-rPRP in a high-galactose diet-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) experimental rat model.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each and treated for four week as follows; 1) the control group, fed with normal diet and received intraperitoneal (i.

Increment of Lysosomal Biogenesis by Combined Extracts of Gum Arabic, Parsley, and Corn Silk: A Reparative Mechanism in Mice Renal Cells.

Gum Arabic (GA), parsley, and corn silk have been traditionally used for renal failure patients worldwide. This study aimed at probing the mechanism of the combined extracts, namely, GA (3 g/kg/day), parsley (1 g/kg/day), and corn silk (200 mg/kg/day), as nephroprotective agents in mice after amikacin (1.2 g/kg) single dose through exploration of their action on G-protein coupled receptors (GPR) 41 and 43 and the ensuing lysosomal biogenesis.

Healthcare Workers' Preparedness: An Exploratory Study for Measles Control in a Middle-Income Country.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) should have an active role in measles control.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the HCWs' measles immune status and its influencing factors; to measure their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward measles infection/vaccination; and to identify factors predicting their vaccination status.

Methods: Data were collected using a semi-tailored questionnaire.

Pattern of anaesthetic equipment contamination and infection prevention in anaesthesia practice at university hospitals.

Background And Aims: Infection control is essential in anaesthetic practice for both personnel and equipment used. This study aims to evaluate knowledge of anaesthesiologists about infection control practices and to detect the pattern of anaesthetic devices contamination.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study at two university hospitals was done.

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among health care providers in an Egyptian university hospital: different diagnostic modalities.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has received much attention and is placed at the core of the infection control agenda. It is considered as a major public health problem in Egypt, where the highest prevalence of HCV exists. The great risk of exposure to infection of health care providers (HCPs) has highlighted the urgent need for implementing an infection control program.

Tumor potential in rat wounds after short- and long-term administration of platelet-rich plasma.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been recognized as an effective strategy for tissue regeneration, how-ever, the safety of PRP in wound healing in terms of tumorigenicity has not yet been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of PRP administration on the expression of the inflammatory marker, tenascin-C (TnC) and the myofibroblast markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin. The immune suppressive response was examined by determining the level of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3).

Fluoxetine coupled with zinc in a chronic mild stress model of depression: Providing a reservoir for optimum zinc signaling and neuronal remodeling.

Background: Recently, depression has been envisioned as more than an alteration in neurotransmitters centered around receptor signaling pathways. Consequently, the precise mechanisms of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs such as fluoxetine are being revisited. Zinc is a trace element that has been long implicated in the psychopathology and therapy of depression.

Breaking the ritual metabolic cycle in order to save acetyl CoA: A potential role for mitochondrial humanin in T2 bladder cancer aggressiveness.

Introduction: Cancer cells may exhibit outsourcing of their high energy need in order to avoid the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Reduced mitochondrial respiration and accumulation of mitochondrial genome mutations are among metabolic transformations in this regard. Mitochondrial humanin (MT-RNR2) is a small peptide with anti-apoptotic activities attributed to binding some pro-apoptotic proteins.

Preoperative and postoperative neuroradiologic evaluation of cervical disk disease.

For over five years, a 2.0 Tesla superconductive magnetic resonance imager (Elscint) has been available in Rockland County for neuroradiologic evaluation of cervical disk herniation, stenosis, and spondylosis. Refinement in surface coil design, software, and scanning technique seems to have overcome the problems of providing thin, artifact-free sections with high signal to noise and contrast to noise in a short amount of time.

Hemifacial spasm: MR imaging features.

MR imaging was used to evaluate the relationship of the root exit zone of the seventh cranial nerve to surrounding vascular structures in 13 patients with clinically documented hemifacial spasm and in 70 asymptomatic patients. MR imaging clearly demonstrated the course of the seventh nerve from the root exit zone of the brainstem to the internal auditory canal and its relationship to the surrounding vertebrobasilar system. The presence of a vascular structure at the root exit zone of the seventh nerve was identified in all 13 patients with hemifacial spasm.

Preoperative and postoperative neuroradiologic evaluation of lumbar disk herniation.

Three hundred and forty patients with signs and symptoms of lumbar disk disease were evaluated preoperatively by conventional X-rays, computed tomography, and 2.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High-resolution T2 weighted MRI provided a truly noninvasive myelogram.

Trigeminal neuralgia: MR imaging features.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to evaluate the relationship of the cisternal portion of the fifth cranial nerve to surrounding vascular structures in six patients with documented trigeminal neuralgia and in 85 asymptomatic patients. MR imaging clearly demonstrated the course of the fifth nerve from its root entry zone (REZ) to the Meckel cave and its relationship to the surrounding vertebrobasilar system. In the six patients with trigeminal neuralgia, the presence of a vascular structure at the REZ of the fifth nerve was identified.

Hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebral artery: MR demonstration.

Hemifacial spasm is a symptom complex comprising involuntary, painless spasms of the orbicularis muscle that may progress to involve all facial muscles. It is frequently the result of compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone from the brain stem by vascular loops or aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, or cochlear artery. Coronal and axial T1-weighted images clearly depict the course of the facial nerve from the brain stem to the internal auditory canal and its relation to the vertebrobasilar system.

Acute intervertebral gas following vertebral fracture: CT demonstration.

The occurrence of intervertebral gas secondary to the vacuum phenomenon has been previously described and is thought to be pathognomonic of degenerative disk disease. The case reported here illustrates that the intervertebral vacuum phenomenon may occur following trauma, suggesting that it is not exclusive to degenerative disk disease.