See one, teach yourself one, do one: Barriers and opportunities in self-administered training and assessment for global surgical education.

Objective: We aimed to determine the most important perceived barriers to the implementation of self-administered training and assessment in surgical education according to subject matter experts. With these findings, design thinking was used to explore possible interventions and develop a theory of change for overcoming identified barriers. Specifically, implementation was focused on expanding the surgical skills of associate clinicians (ACs) in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Endoscopic-Assisted Cochlear Implantation via a "Microfacial Recess".

Syndromic patients can have severely anomalous anatomy significantly challenging conventional cochlear implant (CI) surgery. This case report describes a 20-year-old with brachio-oto-renal syndrome with a severely anomalous facial nerve completely covering the round window and preventing a traditional posterior tympanotomy CI. This is the first report to illustrate the performance of an endoscopic trans-canal bony cochleostomy with insertion of the CI performed via a "microfacial recess.

Microstructural Changes in the Brainstem Auditory Pathway in Children With Hearing Loss.

Objective: To assess the utility of diffusion tensor imaging of the auditory pathway in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A single academic tertiary children's hospital.

The Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Workforce.

Importance: A core component of delivering care of head and neck diseases is an adequate workforce. The World Health Organization report, Multi-Country Assessment of National Capacity to Provide Hearing Care, captured primary workforce estimates from 68 member states in 2012, noting that response rates were a limitation and that updated more comprehensive data are needed.

Objective: To establish comprehensive workforce metrics for global otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) with updated data from more countries/territories.

A multicenter study analyzing the impact of pre-existing comorbidities on laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) outcomes.

Introduction: Comorbidities such as chronic lung disease and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), prematurity, and numerous other conditions may impact the success of LTR. Single-center studies are limited in terms of patient numbers and may be underpowered.

Objectives: To analyze the impact of specific comorbidities on the operation-specific and overall surgical success of LTR in a large multicenter cohort and validate a predictive model for surgical success.

Gracilis free flap in head and neck reconstruction beyond facial palsy reanimation.

Introduction: The gracilis muscle free flap has gained popularity in head and neck reconstruction due to minimal donor-site morbidity, reliable vascular pedicle, strong muscular component, and possibility to perform nerve coaptation. However, almost all the existing evidence in the literature is related to its use for facial palsy reanimation. The aim of this study was therefore to review and provide a comprehensive summary of all the possible indications and outcomes of this versatile free flap in head neck reconstructive surgery.

A Step towards Achieving Sustainable Otologic Surgery in Low-Resource Settings: A Cost Comparison between Shipping an Otologic versus Microscopic Surgical Setup.

Background: The advancement of otologic surgery in low-resource settings has been limited by the cost and transport of surgical equipment. This study compared the transportation costs of an otologic microscopic surgical setup (MSS) versus an endoscopic surgical setup (ESS) in low- and low to middle-income countries (LMICs) for surgical teaching. Methods: Dimensions of microscopes, endoscopes and associated surgical instruments were used to calculate shipping costs from Minneapolis, MN, USA to Kenya, Haiti and Sri Lanka.

Race and Ethnicity in Otolaryngology Academic Publications.

Objective: Within otolaryngology, race is commonly included as a study covariate; however, its value in clinical practice is unclear. This study sought to explore how race and ethnicity have been used and applied over time in otolaryngology publications.

Data Sources: PubMed database.

Advancing African otolaryngology and head & neck surgery education and training through virtual academic platforms and multidisciplinary teams.

Purpose Of Review: To overview the rise of virtual tools to propagate academia and clinical service within Africa, in the field of otolaryngology, propelled by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Recent Findings: The rise of the COVID-19 virus saw a dramatic reduction in elective surgery and outpatient services with a subsequent reduction in experiential learning for trainees. This has spurred the rising trend to maintain the mission of education and clinical service, virtually.

YO-IFOS Guidelines for Pediatric ENT Surgery during COVID-19: An Overview of Recommendations.

Objective/hypothesis: To review the literature on pediatric ENT COVID-19 guidelines worldwide, in particular, surgical practice during the pandemic, and to establish a comprehensive set of recommendations.

Study Design: Review.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review through an independent electronic search of the COVID-19 pandemic in PubMed, Medline, Google, and Google Scholar was performed on April 26-30, 2020.

The assessment of quality of life in children with tracheostomies and their families in a low to middle income country (LMIC).

Introduction: The Breatheasy© Tracheostomy Program based at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, manages children mostly from poor socio-economic backgrounds. In our resource-limited setting, it is unclear how these families cope with the demands of a tracheostomised child. We aim to assess the quality of life (QOL) of tracheostomised children and their families as the first study of its kind in a low-resource setting.