Clinical validation of a wearable ultrasound sensor of blood pressure.

Options for the continuous and non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure are limited. Cuff-based sphygmomanometers are widely available, yet provide only discrete measurements. The clinical gold-standard approach for the continuous monitoring of blood pressure requires an arterial line, which is too invasive for routine use.

Objective and Subjective Sleep Patterns in Adults With Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY).

Objective: To examine sleep patterns in adults with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

Research Design And Methods: Adults with glucokinase (GCK)-MODY and transcription factor (TF)-related MODY (HNF1A, HNF1B, HNF4A) were recruited (n = 24; age 46.0 years, 79% women, BMI 24.

The Development of a Novel mHealth Tool for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Tracking Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence as a Percentage of Time in Bed.

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the mainstay obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment; however, poor adherence to CPAP is common. Current guidelines specify 4 hours of CPAP use per night as a target to define adequate treatment adherence. However, effective OSA treatment requires CPAP use during the entire time spent in bed to optimally treat respiratory events and prevent adverse health effects associated with the time spent sleeping without wearing a CPAP device.

Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Short sleep duration has been recognized as a risk factor for obesity. Whether extending sleep duration may mitigate this risk remains unknown.

Objective: To determine the effects of a sleep extension intervention on objectively assessed energy intake, energy expenditure, and body weight in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually curtailed their sleep duration.

Diet Composition and Objectively Assessed Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review.

Insufficient sleep is highly prevalent in society and has tremendous negative health consequences. Despite the available treatments, there is continued demand for novel and natural strategies to promote better sleep. Dietary modifications could be a viable new target to improve sleep.

Role of obstructive sleep apnea in metabolic risk in PCOS.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a substantially increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder in PCOS. Recent population-based studies indicate a high incidence of OSA among adult women with PCOS.

Sleep quality and glycaemic variability in a real-life setting in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Suboptimal subjective sleep quality is very common in adults with type 1 diabetes. Reducing glycaemic variability is a key objective in this population. To date, no prior studies have examined the associations between objectively measured sleep quality and overnight glycaemic variability in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Optimal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Reduces Daytime Resting Heart Rate in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background It has been widely recognized that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to cardiovascular disease. Yet, randomized controlled studies failed to demonstrate a clear cardiovascular benefit from OSA treatment, mainly because of poor adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To date, no prior study has assessed the effect of CPAP treatment on daytime resting heart rate, a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.

Shared Genetic Control of Brain Activity During Sleep and Insulin Secretion: A Laboratory-Based Family Study.

Over the past 20 years, a large body of experimental and epidemiologic evidence has linked sleep duration and quality to glucose homeostasis, although the mechanistic pathways remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to determine whether genetic variation influencing both sleep and glucose regulation could underlie their functional relationship. We hypothesized that the genetic regulation of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep, a highly heritable trait with fingerprint reproducibility, is correlated with the genetic control of metabolic traits including insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions.

The composition of weight change has a large impact on energy balance calculations. Composition of long-term weight change interventions is well-documented, but information on short-term weight change under unrestricted free-living conditions is limited. The composition and energy density of the changes in body weight during 2-week free-living conditions were analyzed in adults from two cohorts: cohort 1 ( = 24) included participants from the reproducibility subset of the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study; cohort 2 ( = 22) included participants who were studied under free-living conditions in an ongoing study in the Chicago area.

Effects of Insufficient Sleep on Pituitary-Adrenocortical Response to CRH Stimulation in Healthy Men.

Study Objectives: Severe sleep restriction results in elevated evening cortisol levels. We examined whether this relative hypercortisolism is associated with alterations in the pituitary-adrenocortical response to evening corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation.

Methods: Eleven subjects participated in 2 sessions (2 nights of 10 hours vs.

Postprandial Metabolism of Macronutrients and Cardiometabolic Risk: Recent Developments, Emerging Concepts, and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Although the role of habitual lifestyle factors such as physical activity and dietary patterns in increasing CVD risk has long been appreciated, less is known about how acute daily activities may cumulatively contribute to long-term disease risk. Here, the term acute refers to metabolic responses occurring in a short period of time after eating, and the goal of this article is to review recently identified stressors that can occur after meals and during the sleep-wake cycle to affect macronutrient metabolism.

Sleep Restriction Enhances the Daily Rhythm of Circulating Levels of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol.

Study Objectives: Increasing evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies indicates that insufficient sleep may be a risk factor for obesity. Sleep curtailment results in stimulation of hunger and food intake that exceeds the energy cost of extended wakefulness, suggesting the involvement of reward mechanisms. The current study tested the hypothesis that sleep restriction is associated with activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, a key component of hedonic pathways involved in modulating appetite and food intake.

Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction.

Objective: Sleep curtailment has been linked to obesity, but underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study assessed whether sleep restriction alters 24-h profiles of appetite-regulating hormones ghrelin, leptin, and pancreatic polypeptide during a standardized diet and whether these hormonal alterations predict food intake during ad libitum feeding.

Methods: Nineteen healthy, lean men were studied under normal sleep and sleep restriction in a randomized crossover design.

Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process.

Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process.

Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society.

Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here.

Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society.

Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here.

Eight Hours of Nightly Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Improves Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Prediabetes. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale: Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, it remains unclear whether OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has metabolic benefits.

Objectives: To determine the effect of 8-hour nightly CPAP treatment on glucose metabolism in individuals with prediabetes and OSA.

Methods: In a randomized controlled parallel group study, 39 participants were randomly assigned to receive either 8-hour nightly CPAP (n = 26) or oral placebo (n = 13).

Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men.

Aims/hypothesis: Sleep loss is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, yet underlying mechanisms are not understood. Elevation of circulating non-esterified (i.e.

Circadian rhythm of circulating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

Context: The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in the regulation of food intake and of peripheral metabolism. Although the cross talk between energy metabolism and the circadian system is well documented, little is known about a potential circadian modulation of human eCB activity.

Objective: The objective of the study was to define the 24-hour profile of circulating levels of the most abundant endogenous ligand of the CB1 receptor, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in healthy young nonobese adults studied under controlled bedtime, dietary, and activity conditions.