Behavioural and neurochemical alterations following acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneal and intratracheal injection with lipopolysaccharide in mice.

The persistent symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue that follow severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and accompany pulmonary inflammation pose significant clinical challenges. However, the correlation between pulmonary inflammation and mental health remains unclear. This study sought to examine the effects of intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, on anxiety-like behaviour in a mouse model suffering with pulmonary inflammation.

Characteristics of CYP3A4-related potential drug-drug interactions in outpatients receiving prescriptions from multiple clinical departments.

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In a previous report, we revealed that the incidence of potential DDIs due to the same CYP molecular species in one prescription exceeds 90% among patients taking six or more drugs and that CYP3A4 markedly influences the increase in the number of potential DDIs in clinical practice. However, the factors contributing to an increased number of potential DDIs in prescriptions from multiple clinical departments remain poorly clarified.

Trend analysis of pharmacist involvement in cancer care in Japan from 2015 to 2020: A nationwide survey study on hospital pharmacy practice.

Introduction: Pharmacists are needed as members of oncology teams. The Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists (JSHP) conducts a nationwide survey annually to analyze the actual situation and generate fundamental information about hospital pharmacy practice in Japan. Using data from this large-scale survey, we described pharmacists' involvement in cancer chemotherapy.

Cross-Cancer Type Evaluation of Potential Interstitial Lung Disease Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using JADER.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious adverse event caused by the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, only few large-scale studies have explored the association among ICI use, underlying cancer type, and ILD complications. This study aimed to analyze the association between the primary cancer type and ICI-induced ILD in a cross-sectional manner using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

Gas-Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Alkanethiolate-Protected PtAu Superatoms: Charging Energy in Vacuum vs Solution.

The charging behavior of molecular Au clusters protected by alkanethiolate (SCH=SCn) is, under electrochemical conditions, significantly affected by the penetration of solvents and electrolytes into the SCn layer. In this study, we estimated the charging energy E(n) associated with [PtAu(SCn)]+e→[PtAu(SCn)] (n=4, 8, 12, and 16) in vacuum using mass-selected gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy of [PtAu(SCn)] (z=-1 and -2). The E(n) values of PtAu(SCn) in vacuum are significantly larger than those in solution and decrease with n in contrast to the behavior reported for Au(SCn) in solution.

Evaluation of hospital pharmacists' activities using additional reimbursement for infection prevention as an indicator in small and medium-sized hospitals.

Background: Hospitals in Japan established the healthcare delivery system from FY 2018 to 2021 by acquiring an additional reimbursement for infection prevention (ARIP) of category 1 or 2. However, research on outcomes of ARIP applications related to the practice of hospital pharmacists is scarce.

Methods: This study assessed the activities performed by hospital pharmacists in hospitals with 100 to 299 beds, using ARIP acquirement as an indicator, using data from an annual questionnaire survey conducted in 2020 by the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists on the status of hospital pharmacy departments.

[A Trial of Practical Training on Online Medication Instructions in Clinical Preparatory Education: Development of Human Resources to Provide New Forms of Medical Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic].

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably affected several social services. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare has partially revised the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law and established legislations on permanent online medication instructions. Based on these social needs, the development of human resources to provide online medication instructions is vital.

Association Between Skin Autofluorescence and White Blood Cell Counts in Older Adults.

Background/aim: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the body with increasing age. However, their excessive accumulation may lead to various inflammatory and chronic diseases. While it is common for older adults to experience various comorbidities, there is a scarcity of published literature documenting the specific impact of ageing and comorbidities on AGEs in this population.

Actual status of patient information sharing among healthcare delivery facilities: a survey by the third subcommittee, committee on academic research, the Japanese society of hospital pharmacists.

Background: Information sharing among medical professionals is important for providing quality medical care. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the actual status of information sharing between hospitals and other healthcare delivery facilities by surveying information sharing among the pharmaceutical departments of Japanese hospitals in 2020 conducted by the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Methods: Responses were received from 3612 (43.

Comparison of stone retropulsion between Moses mode and virtual basket mode: an in vitro study using artificial stones.

This study aimed to evaluate stone retropulsion in various laser pulse modes in both Moses mode (MM) and virtual basket mode (VBM). Experiments were performed using a channel-shaped rubber rail and artificial stones. We compared short pulse mode and long pulse mode in both MM and VBM with the laser tip positioned so that it was touching and at 1 and 2 mm distances from the stone surface.

Electron Affinities of Ligated Icosahedral M Superatoms Revisited by Gas-Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

The electron binding energies of the ligand-protected gold/silver-based cluster anions, [Au(SR)], [XAg(SR')] (X = Ag, Au, Pd, or Pt), and [PdAu(C≡CR″)] having icosahedral M superatomic cores, were reexamined by gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on a significantly intensified mass-selected ion beam. Laser fluence-dependent PE spectra and pump-probe PES revealed that the previous PE spectra were contaminated by PE signals due to the two-photon electron detachment via long-lived photoexcited states. Although the adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) of the corresponding oxidized forms were found to be 1-2 eV larger than those previously reported, the effects of doping and ligation were not qualitatively affected.

A method for evaluating time-resolved rheological functionalities of fluid foods.

We have developed an effective method for evaluating time-resolved rheological functionalities of swallowed foods using ultrasonic spinning rheometry (USR). USR can obtain variations over time in the rheological properties of fluids despite the fluids being in heterogeneous and nonequilibrium conditions. In addition, USR can evaluate time variations of shear-thinning property changing in a few seconds.

Early diagnosis of partial interferon-γ receptor 1 deficiency prevents the development of Bacille de Calmette et Guérin osteomyelitis.

We encountered two patients with partial interferon γ receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) deficiency in whom early diagnosis enhanced disease management. Patient 1 was a 44-year-old woman with enlarged lymph nodes diagnosed in a pre-pregnancy checkup, and pathological examination revealed a Mycobacterium avium infection. Based on her history of unknown multiple osteomyelitis during early childhood, mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease was suspected.

COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease.

We conducted a study to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) early in the COVID-19 epidemic (January 1-April 30, 2020). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, which was completed by 134 hospitals. During this period, 854 patients with AE-ILD (including 12 cases of COVID-AE-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were hospitalized at 128 hospitals.

[Potential Drug-Drug Interactions among Three or More Drugs: A Retrospective Multi-center Study in Pharmacies in the Kojima Region, Okayama].

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are responsible for an increase in the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Although CYP is known to be involved in metabolic processes, the DDIs among three or more drugs that involve the same CYP molecular species have not been fully investigated. In this study, we retrospectively examined the relationship between the number of drugs and potential DDIs in metabolic processes involving CYPs in patients who picked up their prescribed drugs at 11 pharmacies in the Kojima Branch of the Okayama Pharmaceutical Association.

Non-inferior clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is unclear.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective medical data from advanced or recurrent NSCLC patients who were treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab at ten institutions in Japan between January 2016 and September 2018 were analyzed. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of pre-existing ILD.

Linear stability analysis of bubble-induced convection in a horizontal liquid layer.

We investigate with a linear analysis the stability of a horizontal liquid layer subjected to injection of gas bubbles through a bottom wall. The injection is assumed uniform in space and constant in time. Injected bubbles ascend in the liquid layer due to the Archimedean buoyancy force and are ejected from the top free surface of the liquid layer.

Electron Binding in a Superatom with a Repulsive Coulomb Barrier: The Case of [Ag(SCHF)] in the Gas Phase.

The electron binding mechanism in [Ag(SCHF)] (SCHF = 3,4-difluorobenzenethiolate) tetra-anion was studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (CID-MS), and density functional theory (DFT) computations. PES showed that [Ag(SCHF)] is energetically metastable with respect to electron autodetachment {[Ag(SCHF)] + e} and features a repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) with a height of 2.7 eV.

Effects of rice feeding on growth performance and protein (amino acids) metabolism in weanling piglets.

We investigated the effects of rice feeding on growth performance and protein (amino acids) metabolism of weanling piglets. In all, 16 weanling piglets with an average initial weight of 7.5 kg were divided into two groups.

Inwardly Rotating Spirals in a Nonoscillatory Medium.

We report the spontaneous formation of spiral patterns observed at a downward-facing free surface of a horizontal liquid film. The surface is unstable to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the resulting liquid discharge from the film can occur in the form of propagating liquid curtains. They are born at the film circular periphery and exhibit patterns of inwardly rotating spiral arms.

[A Case of Pulmonary Enteric Adenocarcinoma with Soleus Muscle Metastasis].

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma is a unique pulmonary adenocarcinoma subtype and has histopathological findings that are similar to those of colorectal adenocarcinoma. A man in his 50s visited our hospital because of discomfort in his right lower leg for the last 9 months. Imaging studies revealed a mass in his right soleus muscle, and needle biopsy was performed.

Potential drug-related problems detected by routine pharmaceutical interventions: safety and economic contributions made by hospital pharmacists in Japan.

Background: Pharmaceutical intervention enables safe and effective pharmacotherapy by avoiding of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and efficacy attenuations. Many prescriptions require optimization, and pharmaceutical interventions are inextricably associated with the prevention of potential drug-related problems (DRPs). Although the analysis and understanding of pharmaceutical interventions can lead to improvement in prescription, the analysis of routine pharmaceutical interventions in Japan in insufficient.

Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Chronic Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory disease that causes chronic inflammation or ulceration in the mucosa of the large intestine with multiple relapses. Although several drugs, including 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids, immunosuppressants, and infliximab, are used for UC therapy, patients suffer from side effects of these drugs, and a new safer therapeutic agent is desired. Eucommia ulmoides OLIV.