Effects of Citizenship Status on International Medical Graduate Specialty Choice and Practice Location.

Importance: The number of both US citizen and noncitizen international medical graduates (IMGs) practicing in the United States has grown substantially over the last two decades, but little is known about how these groups differ in clinical specialty and practice location.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of citizenship status on IMG specialty choice (primary care vs nonprimary care) and practice location (rural and health professional shortage areas [HPSAs]).

Design: To analyze the retrospective, cross sectional data between 2010 and 2019, we estimated a series of multivariate logistic regressions with year fixed effects after assessing trends in new physician specialty choice and practice location.

An increasing number of states filled Conrad 30 waivers for recruiting international medical graduates.

To address physician shortages in the United States, Congress created the Conrad 30 visa waiver program allowing non-citizen international medical graduates to obtain visas to practice medicine in underserved areas. There is little information on whether states have effectively used the program. To fill the gap, we examined the growth and distribution of Conrad physicians between 2001 and 2020.

The Role of Antibody-Based Therapies in Neuro-Oncology.

This review explores the evolving landscape of antibody-based therapies in neuro-oncology, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunomodulatory antibodies. We discuss their mechanisms of action, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and experience in neuro-oncological conditions. Evidence from recent trials indicates that while these therapies can modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, their clinical benefits remain uncertain, largely due to challenges with BBB penetration and tumor-derived immunosuppression.

County-level disparities in care for patients with glioblastoma.

Objective: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in neuro-oncological care for patients with brain tumors remain underexplored. This study aimed to analyze county-level disparities in glioblastoma (GBM) care in the United States, focusing on access to surgery and the use of adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Methods: Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 database; the Area Health Resources File; and the American Community Survey, from 2010 to 2019, the authors performed multivariate regression analyses to understand the associations between county-level racial and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as the rates of surgery performed, delays in surgery, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for newly diagnosed GBM.

Trends in Real Estate Investment Trust Ownership of US Health Care Properties.

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and characteristics of real estate investment trust-owned health care properties in the US health care sector.