MesoHOPS: Size-invariant scaling calculations of multi-excitation open quantum systems.

The photoexcitation dynamics of molecular materials on the 10-100 nm length scale depend on complex interactions between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, rendering exact calculations difficult or intractable. The adaptive Hierarchy of Pure States (adHOPS) is a formally exact method that leverages the locality imposed by interactions between thermal environments and electronic excitations to achieve size-invariant scaling calculations for single-excitation processes in systems described by a Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. Here, we extend adHOPS to account for arbitrary couplings between thermal environments and vertical excitation energies, enabling formally exact, size-invariant calculations that involve multiple excitations or states with shared thermal environments.

Simulating optical linear absorption for mesoscale molecular aggregates: An adaptive hierarchy of pure states approach.

In this paper, we present dyadic adaptive HOPS (DadHOPS), a new method for calculating linear absorption spectra for large molecular aggregates. This method combines the adaptive HOPS (adHOPS) framework, which uses locality to improve computational scaling, with the dyadic HOPS method previously developed to calculate linear and nonlinear spectroscopic signals. To construct a local representation of dyadic HOPS, we introduce an initial state decomposition that reconstructs the linear absorption spectra from a sum over locally excited initial conditions.

Exact Results for the Tavis-Cummings and Hückel Hamiltonians with Diagonal Disorder.

We present an exact method to calculate the electronic states of one electron Hamiltonians with diagonal disorder. We show that in cases where the disorder has a Cauchy distribution, the disorder averaged one particle Green's function can be calculated directly, using a deterministic, complex (non-Hermitian) Hamiltonian. For this we use the supersymmetric method which has already been used in problems of solid state physics.

Effects of disorder on polaritonic and dark states in a cavity using the disordered Tavis-Cummings model.

We consider molecules confined to a microcavity of dimensions such that an excitation of the molecule is nearly resonant with a cavity mode. The molecular excitation energies are assumed to be Gaussianly distributed with mean ϵ and variance σ. We find an asymptotically exact solution for large number density N.

Solution to the Kramers barrier crossing problem caused by two noises: Thermal noise and Poisson white noise.

We consider the escape of a particle trapped in a metastable potential well and acted upon by two noises. One of the noises is thermal and the other is Poisson white noise, which is non-Gaussian. Using path integral techniques, we find an analytic solution to this generalization of the classic Kramers barrier crossing problem.

Zinc Supplementation for Promoting Growth in Children Under 5 years of age in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To study the effect of zinc supplementation in children under 5 years of age rom low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on anthropometry and prevalence of malnutrition.

Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized trials.

Setting: Low- and middle-income countries.

Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions on Growth, Non-diarrheal Morbidity and Mortality in Children Residing in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in children (age <18 y) on growth, non-diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children.

Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials and controlled before-after studies.

Setting: Low- and middle-income countries.

Lipid based nutrient supplements (LNS) for treatment of children (6 months to 59 months) with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM): A systematic review.

Background: Moderate acute malnutrition is a major public health problem affecting children from low- and middle-income countries. Lipid nutrient supplements have been proposed as a nutritional intervention for its treatment.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LNS for the treatment of MAM in infants and children 6 to 59 months of age.

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five.

Background: More than 7.5 million children younger than age five living in low- and middle-income countries die every year. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity and to improve quality of care by improving the delivery of a variety of curative and preventive medical and behavioral interventions at health facilities, at home, and in the community.

Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population.

Background: Zinc deficiency is a global nutritional problem, particularly in children and women residing in settings where diets are cereal based and monotonous. It has several negative health consequences. Fortification of staple foods with zinc may be an effective strategy for preventing zinc deficiency and improving zinc-related health outcomes.

Association between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, & early life factors & adult measures of endothelial function: Results from the New Delhi Birth Cohort.

Background & Objectives: Abnormal endothelial function represents a preclinical marker of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, and early life factors and adult measures of endothelial function in a young urban Indian cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Absolute changes in brachial artery diameter following cuff inflation and sublingual nitroglycerin (400 µg) were recorded to evaluate endothelium-dependent and -independent measures of endothelial function in 600 participants (362 men; 238 women) from the New Delhi Birth Cohort (2006-2009).

Effect of attractive interactions on the water-like anomalies of a core-softened model potential.

It is now well established that water-like anomalies can be reproduced by a spherically symmetric potential with two length scales, popularly known as core-softened potential. In the present study we aim to investigate the effect of attractive interactions among the particles in a model fluid interacting with core-softened potential on the existence and location of various water-like anomalies in the temperature-pressure plane. We employ extensive molecular dynamic simulations to study anomalous nature of various order parameters and properties under isothermal compression.

Radicular cyst with severe destruction of the buccal cortical plate secondary to endodontic failure.

This case report highlights a massive radicular cyst with respect to the lower left premolars, that developed secondary to endodontic failure and resulted in buccal cortical bone destruction. It also discusses the investigation and the surgical approach which were carried out with regard to the cyst. Following surgical closure, the teeth were endodontically retreated.

Promoting appropriate management of diarrhea: a systematic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India.

Background: Scaling up of evidence-based management and prevention of childhood diarrhea is a public health priority in India, and necessitates robust literature review, for advocacy and action.

Objective: To identify, synthesize and summarize current evidence to guide scaling up of management of diarrhea among under-five children in India, and identify existing knowledge gaps.

Methods: A set of questions pertaining to the management (prevention, treatment, and control) of childhood diarrhea was identified through a consultative process.

Effect of iron-fortified foods on hematologic and biological outcomes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The utility of iron fortification of food to improve iron deficiency, anemia, and biological outcomes is not proven unequivocally.

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate 1) the effect of iron fortification on hemoglobin and serum ferritin and the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia, 2) the possible predictors of a positive hemoglobin response, 3) the effect of iron fortification on zinc and iron status, and 4) the effect of iron-fortified foods on mental and motor development, anthropometric measures, and infections.

Design: Randomized and pseudorandomized controlled trials that included food fortification or biofortification with iron were included.

Community based newborn care: a systematic review and metaanalysis of evidence: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India.

Background: The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in India has remained virtually unchanged in the last 5 years. To achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 on child mortality (two thirds reduction from 1990 to 2015), it is essential to reduce NMR. A systematic review of the evidence on community-based intervention packages to reduce NMR is essential for advocacy and action to reach MDG-4.

Acute respiratory infection and pneumonia in India: a systematic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India.

Background: Scaling up of evidence based management of childhood acute respiratory infection/pneumonia, is a public health priority in India, and necessitates robust literature review, for advocacy and action.

Objective: To identify, synthesize and summarize current evidence to guide scaling up of management of childhood acute respiratory infection/pneumonia in India, and identify existing knowledge gaps.

Methods: A set of ten questions pertaining to the management (prevention, treatment, and control) of childhood ARI/pneumonia was identified through a consultative process.

UNICEF-PHFI Series on newborn and child health, India: methodology for systematic reviews on child health priorities for advocacy and action.

India is committed to reducing childhood mortality and morbidity. This requires evidence-based policy and practice in the realm of public health. This in turn necessitates advocacy and action (among all stakeholders), focused on locally relevant issues.

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic nutrition products for home based therapeutic nutrition for severe acute malnutrition a systematic review.

Context: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children is a significant public health problem in India with associated increased morbidity and mortality. The current WHO recommendations on management of SAM are based on facility based treatment. Given the large number of children with SAM in India and the involved costs to the care-provider as well as the care-seeker, incorporation of alternative strategies like home based management of uncomplicated SAM is important.

Multiple micronutrient supplementation for improving cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Although multiple micronutrient interventions have been shown to benefit children's intellectual development, a thorough evaluation of the totality of evidence is currently lacking to direct public health policy.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the present literature and to quantify the effect of multiple micronutrients on cognitive performance in schoolchildren.

Methods: The Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge and local medical databases were searched for trials published from 1970 to 2008.

Effect of combining multiple micronutrients with iron supplementation on Hb response in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To study the effect of combining multiple (two or more) micronutrients with Fe supplementation on Hb response, when compared with placebo and with Fe supplementation, in children.

Data Sources: Electronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, and abstracts and proceedings of international conferences.

Review Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating change in Hb levels with interventions that included Fe and multiple-micronutrient supplementation in comparison to placebo alone or Fe alone were analysed in two systematic reviews.

Effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin response in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin (Hb) in children through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Materials And Methods: Electronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, and abstracts and proceedings of international conferences were reviewed. Randomised controlled trials evaluating change in Hb levels with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation or iron-fortified formula milk or cereals were analysed.

Effect of iron supplementation on physical performance in children and adolescents: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on physical performance in children (0-18 years) through systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: Electronic databases, personal files, handsearch of reviews, bibliographies of books, abstracts and proceedings of international conferences.

Review Methods: RCTs with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation, fortified formula milk, or cereals were evaluated.