Mechanistic Insight into the Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Addition of Carboxylic Acid to Alkenes in a Two-Molecule Photoredox System.

The detailed mechanism of photoinduced decarboxylative radical addition to alkenes using both the effect of an electron donor (ED)/electron acceptor (EA) and laser flash photolysis in a two-molecule photoredox system was investigated. The concentration of EA played an important role in the photoreaction and could be controlled by varying the concentrations of ED/EA and their identity, which influenced Δ. Higher concentrations of ED/EA and a larger negative Δ led to a higher concentration of EA, thereby increasing the yield of the adduct; however, the large negative Δ for the generation of the EDA complex hindered decarboxylation.

[A Case of Duodenal Cancer with a History of Metachronous Multiple Colorectal Cancer Resections Achieving Endoscopic Complete Response following Pembrolizumab Treatment].

A male in his 80s with a history of multiple colorectal cancer resections underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for anemia investigation, which revealed a non-ampullary duodenal carcinoma. Due to insufficient surgical tolerance for pancreaticoduodenectomy, pharmacotherapy was considered. With informed consent, an MSI test was conducted, showing MSI-high, leading to the initiation of pembrolizumab treatment.

Biopharmaceutics Aspects of Sugar Alcohols: Implementation of Patient-Centricity in Pharmaceutical Development and Clinical Use.

Sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol are frequently used as pharmaceutical excipients in oral dosage forms. Their versatility stems from extensive evidence of use in humans. However, investigations over many years have clearly indicated their osmolarity-derived biopharmaceutics effects on oral drug absorption.

Description of a new music frog (Anura, Ranidae, ) critically endangered in Taiwan.

(Boettger, 1895) is a small-sized ranid species belonging to the East Asian genus Dubois, 1992. Previous studies have indicated that this species was exclusively distributed on Ishigaki and Iriomote islands in the southern Ryukyus, as well as two extremely small wetland habitats in central Taiwan. Such a restricted distribution makes it one of the most endangered frog species in both Taiwan and Japan.

Successful catheter ablation for sustained ventricular tachycardia in right ventricular infarction after surgery for giant right coronary artery aneurysm: a case report.

Background: Post-infarction scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the right ventricular (RV) free wall in patients with RV infarction is rare.

Case Summary: A 75-year-old Asian male, with a history of RV infarction after surgery for a giant right coronary artery aneurysm, presented with sustained VT with left bundle branch block and inferior axis morphology. The activation mapping during the VT revealed a focal origin initially propagated from the anterior attachment of the RV wall, and mid-diastolic potentials (MDPs) were detected within the RV free wall close to the anterior attachment.

Rapaprotin is Activated by an Endopeptidase to Disassemble 26S Proteasome.

The 19S regulatory particle (RP) associates with the 20S core particle (CP) to form the 26S proteasome, an evolutionarily conserved holoenzyme that plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Proteasome inhibitors that target the catalytic subunits within the 20S have proven to be valuable research tools and therapeutics for various cancers. Herein we report the discovery of rapaprotin, a 26S proteasome assembly inhibitor from our natural product-inspired hybrid macrocycle rapafucin library.

Involvement of lncRNA MIR205HG in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and IL-33 regulation via Alu elements.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes remodeling of the distal lung. Pulmonary remodeling is histologically characterized by fibrosis, as well as appearance of basal cells; however, the involvement of basal cells in IPF remains unclear. Here, we focus on the long noncoding RNA MIR205HG, which is highly expressed in basal cells, using RNA sequencing.

Association of once-daily single-device dual bronchodilators with prevention of rehospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective national inpatient database study.

Background: Optimal fixed-dose combination (FDC) dual bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are yet to be identified. We aimed to compare outcomes between two types of optimal once-daily FDC dual bronchodilators delivered by a dry powder inhaler (DPI) and soft mist inhaler (SMI).

Methods: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients with COPD, aged ≥40 years, who were prescribed DPIs or SMIs at discharge from 2015 to 2021.

Prevalence, clinical profiles, and prognosis of Isaacs syndrome: A nationwide survey study in Japan.

Objectives: To elucidate current epidemiological, clinical, and immunological profiles, and the treatment of Isaacs syndrome in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey using established methods. Questionnaires were sent to neurological facilities throughout Japan to identify Isaacs syndrome patients seen between April 2018 and March 2021.

Association Between the Intensity and Frequency of Swallowing Rehabilitation and Oral Intake at Discharge in Older Patients with Acute Post-stroke Dysphagia.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to clarify the concurrent effects of intensity and frequency of early swallowing rehabilitation for post-stroke dysphagia. Using data from acute-care hospitals included in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database between April 2020 and March 2021, we identified patients aged ≥65 years with dysphagia after acute stroke on admission who received swallowing rehabilitation within three days of hospitalization. Swallowing rehabilitation within seven days of hospitalization, starting from admission, was categorized into four types according to intensity (long/short per day) and frequency (high/low proportion of days performed).

Association between the presence or absence of muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia diagnosis and poor health outcomes: A follow-up study of older outpatients at a frailty clinic.

Aim: Recently, some researchers have questioned the inclusion of muscle mass as a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. We examined the longitudinal association between the presence or absence of muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia diagnosis and the incidence of poor health outcomes.

Methods: This 1-year follow-up study included 730 Japanese outpatients aged ≥65 years without disabilities who visited the frailty clinic.

Empagliflozin ameliorates renal and metabolic derangements in obese type 2 diabetic mice by blocking advanced glycation end product-receptor axis.

Background: Although randomized clinical trials revealed that inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) reduced the risk of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Since there is accumulating evidence that AGEs and their receptor (RAGE) play a crucial role in diabetes-related complications, we examined here whether empagliflozin ameliorates renal and metabolic derangements in db/db mice, an obese type 2 diabetes animal by blocking the AGE-RAGE axis.

Methods: Eight-week-old db/db mice were fed a 0.

Risk stratification of residual abscess after surgical treatment for gastroduodenal perforation.

Aims: Residual abscess is a major complication after emergency surgery for gastroduodenal (GD) perforation. However, there is little evidence regarding potential risk factors contributing to its development. Establishing a risk stratification strategy would be valuable for the entire management process.

Strongyle nematode fauna in three ruminants in upper northern Thailand.

Gastrointestinal parasites, particularly strongyle nematodes, pose a significant threat to the health of ruminants. Due to the technical limitations of microscopic and conventional PCR-based methods, the strongyle parasite fauna has not been well studied even in common livestock animals. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of strongyle nematodes in three ruminant species in northern Thailand using a nemabiome approach.

Exploring Sway Metrics of Intermittency in the Feedback Postural Control for Assessing Balance Impairment in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Postural control during quiet stance is characterized by the center of pressure (CoP) time series. Recently, we showed that CoP data from healthy young (HY) and elderly (HE) individuals, and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be well fitted by the intermittent control model with different parameter values representing the degree of intermittency in the feedback control. We performed a model-based classification (MBC) to show that the subjects could be classified into intermittent control (INT) group including all HYs, active (CONT) and passive continuous control (STIFF) groups including HE and PD.

In-hospital mortality of heat-related disease associated with wet bulb globe temperature: a Japanese nationwide inpatient data analysis.

Heat-related diseases have become a significant public health concern. Studies have shown that susceptibility to heat varies among regions; however, most studies used aggregated data on emergency transport in the regions. The present study used a nationwide inpatient database in Japan and examined the association between regional differences in Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and in-hospital mortality in patients with a heat-related disease, with adjustment for individual-level characteristics.

Postmortem genetic diagnosis of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome: Identification through normal kidney tissues after surgical removal.

Introduction: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the gene and is associated with poor prognosis of aggressive renal cancer.

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria and was diagnosed with a right renal tumor, cT3aN1M0. He underwent open radical nephrectomy, and pathological examination revealed papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Fetal-to-fetal kidney transplantation in utero.

Potter sequence consists of various symptoms associated with renal dysplasia. For bilateral renal agenesis, there is no hope of survival. As a novel therapeutic approach for Potter sequence, we develop a unique approach of "transplantation of fetal kidneys from a different species during the fetal stage.

Self-Supervised Learning for Feature Extraction from Glomerular Images and Disease Classification with Minimal Annotations.

Background: Deep learning has great potential in digital kidney pathology. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the availability of extensively labeled datasets, which are often limited because of the specialized knowledge and time required for their creation. This limitation hinders the widespread application of deep learning for the analysis of kidney biopsy images.

Reduced Treatment Volumes for Glioblastoma Associated With Lower Rates of Radionecrosis and Lymphopenia: A Pooled Analysis.

Purpose: There is marked variability in treatment fields for glioblastoma. We performed a retrospective study comparing outcomes of patients treated according to MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) or Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and identified differences in treatment-related toxicity.

Methods And Materials: Adult patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation treatment were included in this study.

Ergothioneine Stimulates Ca-Mediated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in NE-4C Nerve Cells.

Ergothioneine (EGT), a naturally occurring histidine derivative, has been reported to modulate neurodegenerative diseases; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the brain-beneficial role of the natural amino acid EGT in NE-4C nerve cells. In the nerve cells, EGT treatment of >10 μM for 48 h significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), whereas no change was observed in acetylcholine receptor expression.

production of engineered ACE2 decoy protects lungs from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants repeatedly evade the immune system within short periods. Thus, next-generation therapeutics that are resistant to mutations and can be rapidly supplied to individuals in an emergency are required. Here, we designed an mRNA encoding an engineered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) decoy, 3N39v4, composed of high-affinity ACE2 and a human immunoglobulin G Fc domain.

Preparedness for infectious diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: advancing the health system beyond the games.

Mass international gatherings pose significant health security challenges and demand robust preparedness for infectious diseases. Though demanding, this process can leverage heightened political and social attention to fortify core capacities. Despite Japan's advanced public health system for infectious diseases, there were still areas of vulnerabilities.