Mutation screening of fumarate hydratase by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification: detection of exonic deletion in a patient with leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a syndrome predisposing to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis as well as renal cell cancer and uterine leiomyosarcoma. Heterozygous germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH, fumarase) gene are known to cause HLRCC. On occasion, no FH mutation is detected by direct sequencing, despite the evident HLRCC phenotype in a family.

NOD2 3020insC alone is not sufficient for colorectal cancer predisposition.

Mutations in NOD2 have been shown to associate with increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease. A recent Polish study linked the truncating NOD2 3020insC variant with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) at an older age (>50 years) of disease onset, with an odds ratio of 2.23.