Assessment of change in end-tidal CO after fluid challenge as a marker of fluid responsiveness as measured by the aortic velocity time integral in healthy anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs.

Objective: To evaluate if variation in the end-tidal CO partial pressure (∆Petco) after a fluid challenge could predict fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: University hospital.

Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation in dogs via transcranial color-coded duplex sonography and transient hyperemia testing.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery before and after a carotid compression maneuver using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) in healthy anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Ultrasound-Guided Greater Ischiatic Notch Plane Block Combined with the Caudal Quadratus Lumborum Block (GIN-TONIC Block) in Dogs Undergoing Pelvic Limb Surgery: Preliminary Results.

This study assessed the analgesic and motor effects of the GIN-TONIC block, a combination of the greater ischiatic notch plane block and the caudal lateral quadratus lumborum block, in 24 dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups: G received acepromazine [(20 µg kg intravenously (IV)] as premedication, and G received dexmedetomidine (2 µg kg IV). General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and both groups received a GIN-TONIC block using 2% lidocaine.

Tidal volume selection in volume-controlled ventilation guided by driving pressure versus actual body weight in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs: A randomized crossover trial.

Objective: To compare static compliance of the respiratory system (C) and the ratio of partial pressure of end-tidal to arterial carbon dioxide (Pe'CO/PaCO), in healthy dogs using two approaches for tidal volume (V) selection during volume-controlled ventilation: body mass based and driving pressure (ΔPaw) guided.

Study Design: Randomized, nonblinded, crossover, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 19 client-owned dogs anesthetized for castration and ovariohysterectomy.

Comparison of ICSI, IVF, and in vivo derived embryos to produce CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited pigs for xenotransplantation.

Genome editing in pigs for xenotransplantation has seen significant advances in recent years. This study compared three methodologies to generate gene-edited embryos, including co-injection of sperm together with the CRISPR-Cas9 system into oocytes, named ICSI-MGE (mediated gene editing); microinjection of CRISPR-Cas9 components into oocytes followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF), and microinjection of in vivo fertilized zygotes with the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Our goal was to knock-out (KO) porcine genes involved in the biosynthesis of xenoantigens responsible for the hyperacute rejection of interspecific xenografts, namely GGTA1, CMAH, and β4GalNT2.

Ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block combined with the greater ischiatic notch plane block as motor-protective analgesia for the pelvic limb in dogs.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial.

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs.

Ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization of the articular branches of the cranial gluteal nerve: A canine cadaveric study and feasibility study in dogs.

Objective: To develop and assess the feasibility, as a diagnostic block, of an ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization (L-PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical and feasibility study.

Animals: A total of 11 canine cadavers and eight adult dogs scheduled for acetabular surgical denervation.

Echocardiographic indicators of fluid responsiveness in hospitalized dogs with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of selected echocardiographic variables used to predict fluid responsiveness in hospitalized dogs with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Design: Diagnostic test study in a prospective cohort of hospitalized dogs.

Setting: Veterinary referral clinics.

Pericapsular hip desensitization in dogs: a cadaveric study and case series.

Objective: To develop and assess the efficacy of an ultrasound (US)-guided pericapsular hip desensitization (PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical study and a case series.

Animals: A total of 30 healthy dogs, eight canine cadavers and seven dogs with hip osteoarthritis.

Agreement between transthoracic echocardiography and esophageal Doppler on aortic flow variables in anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs.

The use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and esophageal Doppler (ED) for the measurement of hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs was studied. Fourteen mixed-breed dogs, without cardiac disease, undergoing general anesthesia for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were included in this prospective preliminary study. Dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) and methadone (0.

Ventilator output splitting interface 'ACRA': Description and evaluation in lung simulators and in an experimental ARDS animal model.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has led the world to an unprecedented global shortage of ventilators, and its sharing has been proposed as an alternative to meet the surge. This study outlines the performance of a preformed novel interface called 'ACRA', designed to split ventilator outflow into two breathing systems. The 'ACRA' interface was built using medical use approved components.

Evaluation of electrical nerve stimulation to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of 0.7 mA as a fixed electrical current to indicate epidural needle placement and to confirm that 0.7 mA is greater than the upper limit of the minimal electrical threshold (MET) for sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in dogs.

Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence of analgesic efficacy of tramadol for the management of postoperative pain and the presence of associated adverse events in dogs.

Databases Used: A comprehensive search using PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Google Scholar and CAB databases with no restrictions on language and following a prespecified protocol was performed from June 2019 to July 2020. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in dogs that had undergone general anesthesia for any type of surgery.

Development of a lateral ultrasound-guided approach for the proximal radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerve block in cats.

Objective: To describe a lateral ultrasound (US)-guided approach to the radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerves through a single proximal in-plane insertion in cats and to determine whether one or two injection points are required to successfully stain all the target nerves.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Animals: A total of eight client-owned healthy cats and 12 cat cadavers.

Pharmacokinetics of Immediate and Sustained Release Cephalexin Administered by Different Routes to Llamas (Lama glama).

We investigate the pharmacokinetics of two different cephalexin formulations administered to llamas by the intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) routes, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cephalexin against some Escherichia coli and staphylococci isolated from llamas, and we apply the PK/PD modelling approach, so that effective dosage recommendations for this species could be made. Six llamas received immediate (10 mg/kg, IV, IM, and SC) and sustained (8 mg/kg IM, SC) release cephalexin. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental approach.

A population pharmacokinetic approach to describe cephalexin disposition in adult and aged dogs.

This study was conducted in order to characterize the pharmacokinetics of orally administered cephalexin to healthy adult and aged dogs, using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Two hundred and eighty-six cephalexin plasma concentrations obtained from previous pharmacokinetic studies were used. Sex, age, pharmaceutical formulation, and breed were evaluated as covariates.

The use of a nerve stimulation test to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.

Objective: To determine if a nerve stimulation test (NST) could act as a monitoring technique to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.

Study Design: Prospective experimental trial in a clinical setting.

Animals: Twenty-four adult cats, scheduled for a therapeutic procedure where epidural anesthesia was indicated.

The use of electrical stimulation to guide epidural and intrathecal needle advancement at the L5 -L6 intervertebral space in dogs.

Objective: To determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit appropriate muscle contraction when the tip of an insulated needle is positioned epidurally or intrathecally at the L5-6 intervertebral space (phase-I) and to determine whether the application of a fixed electrical current during its advancement could indicate needle entry into the intrathecal space (phase-II) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded study.

Animals: Thirteen (phase-I) and seventeen (phase-II) dogs, scheduled for a surgical procedure where L5-6 intrathecal administration was indicated.

Use of electrical stimulation to monitor lumbosacral epidural and intrathecal needle placement in rabbits.

Objective: To determine the minimal electric threshold of neurostimulation dorsally and ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area necessary to cause muscle contraction of the hind limb or tail and determine whether a continuous electrical stimulation applied to an insulated needle during lumbosacral epidural needle placement could be used to distinguish the epidural from the intrathecal space in rabbits.

Animals: 24 New Zealand white rabbits.

Procedures: Rabbits received iohexol (0.

Combined paravertebral plexus block and parasacral sciatic block in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of paravertebral lumbar plexus block combined with parasacral sciatic block to anesthetize one hind limb in awake dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, blinded experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy mongrel dogs weighing 12.